Term
| The endocrine system is a network of organs and cells that... |
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Definition
| secrete hormones into the blood stream. |
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Term
| The endocrine system works in conjunction with what? |
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Definition
| the nervous system to maintain homeostasis. |
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Term
| Generally, the endocrine system is controlled by what? |
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Definition
| pituitary gland (hypophysis). |
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Term
| The hypothalamus produces what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The pituitary gland secretes what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The endocrine glands include what? |
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Definition
| adrenals, thyroid, sex glands and kidneys. |
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Term
| Where is the pituitary located? |
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Definition
| base of the skull (sella turcica). |
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Term
| The gland hangs down beneath the hypothalamus by a connection called what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The pituitary gland secretes... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The pituitary gland is... |
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Definition
| the size of a small bean. |
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Term
| The anterior pituitary contains... |
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Definition
| secretory cells surrounded by a dense capillary network. |
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Term
| The anterior pituitary is linked to the hypothalamus by what? |
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Definition
| the pituitary portal system. |
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Term
| The anterior pituitary produces what? |
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Definition
| stimulating hormones that act on the thyroid, adrenal glan, breasts, ovaries, testes, and melanocytes. |
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Term
| The posterior pituitary contains what? |
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Definition
| axons that originate in the hypothalamus. |
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Term
| The posterior pituitary produces what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of ADH? |
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Definition
| decreases water loss by the kidneys. |
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Term
| What is the function of oxytocin? |
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Definition
| produces uterine contractions during childbirth, and stimulates milk release. |
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Term
| Where is the thyroid situated? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The thyroids right and left lobe are joined by what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The thyroid contains a large number of... |
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Definition
| spherical follicles lined with simple cuboidal epithelium. |
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Term
| C cells are loacted where? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The follicular cells produce what? |
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Definition
| thyroxine (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4). |
|
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Term
| What are the functions of T3 and T4? |
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Definition
| increase metabolism and oxygen consumption. |
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Term
|
Definition
| calcitonin (reduces [calcium ion] in body fluids). |
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Term
| How many parathyroids are there? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where are the parathyroids located? |
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Definition
| posterior surface of the thyroid gland. |
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Term
| What do chief cells produce? |
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Definition
| parathyroid hormone (PTH). |
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Term
| What is the function of PTH? |
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Definition
| causes [calcium ion] to increase. |
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Term
| Where are the adrenal glands located? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The adrenal glands have a... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The adrenal cortex produces 20 or so steriod hormones called what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Minerlo-corticoids are produced where? |
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Definition
| outer cortex (glomerulosa). |
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Term
| What is the principle mineralo-corticoid? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of aldosterone? |
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Definition
| helps kidneys regulate fluid loss. |
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Term
| Where are glucocorticoids produced? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of glucocorticosteroids? |
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Definition
| accelerate glucose metabolism. |
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Term
| Glucocorticosteroids are activated by what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where are androgens produced? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Androgens are produced in large amounts (in males) by what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are androgens responsible for in males? |
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Definition
| male characteristics and sperm production. |
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Term
| The medulla produces what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The endocrine cells that are found throughout the pancreas are called what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the 2 groups of cells within the Islets of Langerhans? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the functions of alpha cells? |
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Definition
| produce glucagon (causes glycogen release from the liver). |
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Term
| What are the functions of the beta cells? |
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Definition
| produce insulin (increases the utilization of glucose). |
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Term
| Failure of the exocrine pancreas to function causes what? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Endocrine cells are found where else? |
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Definition
| heart, kidneys, GI tract, ovaries and testes. |
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