Term
Name three hormones that the hypothalamus releases to act with the anterior pituitary gland. |
|
Definition
Growth Hormone, Somatostatin (GHIH), Prolactin Releasing Factor, Thryotropn Releasing Hormone, Corticotrophin releasing,gonadotrophin releasing, melanocyte stimulating, and prolacitn inhibiting |
|
|
Term
What are the 6 big anterior pituitary hormones released? |
|
Definition
GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH and Prolactin |
|
|
Term
What are some conditions that can result from pituitary hypofunction? |
|
Definition
Hypogonadism, secondary adrenal insufficiency, altered fluid regulation, hypothyroidism, diminished growth |
|
|
Term
What does ACTH do? What does it help diagnose? |
|
Definition
ACTH stimulates the adrenocorticosteroid pathway which converts cholesterol to cortisol in the adrenal cortex. Primarily used to diagnose adrenal insufficiency. (Primary, addisons) |
|
|
Term
What are the 3 major Antidiuretic Hormones we need to know? |
|
Definition
ADH replacements: Vasopressin - IV Desmopressin IV or Tablet |
|
|
Term
What medication do we use for treating growth hormone deficiency? |
|
Definition
Recombinant human GH/somatropin or insulin-like growth factor |
|
|
Term
What is corticotropin used for? |
|
Definition
Adrenal cortex stimulating hormone, sed to diagnose primary adernal cortex insufficiency (primary, addisons) |
|
|
Term
What is desmopressin used for? |
|
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone used for diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis etc. |
|
|
Term
What is Octeotide used for? |
|
Definition
GH inhibitor, used for acromegaly conditions, acute blood loss conditions |
|
|
Term
What is somatropin used for? |
|
Definition
GH analog, used in growth failure, or AIDS related wasting syndrome |
|
|
Term
What are the big pituitary drugs we need to know? (5) |
|
Definition
Corticotropin, Desmopressin, Vasopressin, Octreotide, and Somatotropin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adenomas causing a excessive production of GH (giagntism in children |
|
|
Term
Whats the big medication patients with Acromegaly take? |
|
Definition
BROmocriptine, which is a dopamine agonist, which decreased GH in acromegaly patients |
|
|
Term
What regulates the release of TSH/TRH from the anterior pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
T3/T4 which is released from the hypothalamus. |
|
|
Term
What is graves disease and what will be some symptoms? |
|
Definition
Overproduction of endogenous TH. Exophthalmos, enhanced reflexes, hyperhydrosis, tachycardia, tremor, heat intolerance, weight loss, nervousness. |
|
|
Term
What medication do we use to treat hyperthyroidism? |
|
Definition
Use Thionamides such as Propylthiouracil and Methimazole. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prevent production of T3/4 in the gland, blocks the conversion of T3/4 ouside the gland, and prevents TH production |
|
|
Term
What medication is used during a "Thyroid Storm"? |
|
Definition
Radioactive Iodine and then thionamides. (and beta blockers) |
|
|
Term
Whats the big beta blocker we need to know? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism? |
|
Definition
bradychardia. lethargy, weight gain, cold intolerance, myxedema, goiter formation, increased LDL, CV disease |
|
|
Term
What is the difference between primary and secondary hypothyroidism? |
|
Definition
Primary: thyroid can't produce amount of hormones the pituitary calls for
Secondary: thyroid isn't being stimulated by pituitary to produce hormones. |
|
|
Term
What medication do we use for hypothyroidism? TH replacement therapy.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What concerns to PT's have with hypothyroidism treatment? |
|
Definition
If treatment causes hyperthyroidism, we have to watch out for osteoporosis (increased bone resorption), or it can cause angina pain or arrhythmias. |
|
|
Term
What type of drugs are used for adrenal dysfunction? |
|
Definition
Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, or Sex Steroids. |
|
|
Term
Excessive glucocorticoids can cause what condition? |
|
Definition
Cushing's Syndrome: muscle weakness, osteoporosis, moon face, central obesity, fragile skin, hypertension, diabetus, neuropsychiatric disorders. |
|
|
Term
What condition comes from a lack of glucocorticoids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the primary glucocorticoid we talk/care about? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the main mineralocorticoid we care about? |
|
Definition
Aldosterone: stimulates Na/K pump, causing Na resorption and K/H excretion |
|
|
Term
What should we do if we have a deficiency of aldosterone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What if we have excessive aldosterone? |
|
Definition
use aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone) |
|
|
Term
What are the major corticosteroids we need to know (5)? |
|
Definition
Prednisone, Methylprednisolone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Dexamethazone |
|
|
Term
What's a key thing to keep in mind with corticosteroid use? |
|
Definition
Remembmer long term use requires tapering off of the drug. Can't just up and quit it. |
|
|
Term
Name a few corticosteroid side effects. |
|
Definition
Hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, diabetus mellitus, osteoporosis, anxiety, depression, collitis, hypertension, etc. |
|
|
Term
What are the two main sec hormones we use? |
|
Definition
Androgens and Estrogens/Progesterone |
|
|