Term
| What is the histology and the origin of a craniopharyngioma |
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Definition
| hypothalamic tumor arising from rathke's pouch containing cholestorol-rich(Machine Oil) fluid |
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Term
| How would a craniopharyngioma typically present and how would you treat it |
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Definition
ICP, Optic Nerve Obstruction, or Endocrine disturbance
Treat with Surgery and Radiation |
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Term
| What is the possible hormones secreted by an acidophillic cell from the Anterior Pituitary? Basophillic? |
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Definition
Acidophillic: Mammotroph(Prolactin), Somatotroph(GH)
Basophillic: Corticotroph(ACTH), Thyrotroph(TSH), Gonadotrophs(LH, FSH), Melanocyte stimulating hormone |
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Term
| What is the only pituitary hormone under negative regulation from the hypothalamus |
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Definition
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Term
| How can a pituitary adenoma lead to decreased hormone production of the pituitary? |
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Definition
| Encroach on the Pituitary Parenchymal |
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Term
| What are the mechanisms by which a pituitary adenoma causes pathology |
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Definition
Endocrine Effects
Mass Effects: ICP, Opitic, Pituitary Compromise |
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Term
| What is Pituitary Apoplexy |
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Definition
Acute Hemorrhage associated with rapidly enlarging mass
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Term
| What are the most commmon types of pituitary adenoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would you treat the most common type of pituitary adenoma |
|
Definition
| Bromocryptine which acts as a dopamine receptor agonist |
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Term
| What are the clinical effects of prolactinemia |
|
Definition
Amenorrha
Galactorrhea
Infertility
Nothing in Men or Elder Women, until mass effects occur |
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Term
| What are some common lesions of Acromegaly |
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Definition
Prognathism
Broad Sausage Fingers |
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|
Term
| What is Cushing's Disease |
|
Definition
| Excessive ACTH production by the pituitary |
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|
Term
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Definition
| Removal of adrenal glands to treat cushing's syndrome releases inhibition of a previously inactive microadenoma to produce ACTH |
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Term
| What is Sheehan's Syndrome? |
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Definition
| Post-partum Ischemic necrosis with a loss of >75% of A. Pituitary leading to acquired Hypopituitarism |
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Term
| What are the types of mechanisms for causing Empty Sella Syndrome |
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Definition
Primary: Diaphragma sellae lets fluid compress the Pituitary
Secondary: Enlargment and surgical removal |
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Term
| What is diabetes insipidus and what causes it |
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Definition
ADH deficiency leading to excessive thirst
Causes: Head Trauma, Tumors, Other Pituitary lesions |
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Term
| What are the lesions associated with each of the MEN Syndromes |
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Definition
MEN I: Parathyroid Hyperplasia, Pancreatic Islet Adenoma and Carcinoma, and Adrenal Cortical Hyperplasia
MEN II: Medullary Carcinoma of Thyroid, Pheochromocytoma
MEN III: Pheochromocytoma, Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid, Mucosal neuromas, Marfinoid habitus |
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Term
| How are adenomas classified based on size |
|
Definition
Microadenoma: <1cm
Macroadenoma: >1cm |
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