Term
Energy
Explain three ways an object can become statically charged?
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Definition
A) Shuffling your feet around on carpet.
B) Blow up a balloon and tie it up then rub the balloon on your jumper
C) Spread a small amount of salt and pepper onto a table until it is thinly laid out .Rub a plastic spoon with a wool cloth in only one direction. Bring the spoon down slowly over the salt and pepper until it is almost touching .Watch as the salt and pepper particles fly up to the spoon and stick to it due to static electricity. |
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Term
Energy
An object with equal amounts of protons and neutrons has a _________ charge
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Definition
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Term
Static Electricity
When do two objects repel eachother? When do they attract? |
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Definition
| They repel eachother when they are both positive or both negative. They attract eachother when they both are postive and negative. |
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Term
Energy
Compare and contrast betweem series and parallel circuits |
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Definition
Series Circuit-
1.One pathway
2. Current thesame anywhere in the circuit
3. Voltage shared in ratio to resistance
4. Resistance adds up
A. less current
B. Battery last longer
4. One bulb fuses circuit incomplete
5. Brightness of bulbs less because P = IV
Parallel
1. two or more pathways
2. Current Splits and passes throught pathways
3. Voltage across each oathway equals supplyy voltage
4. One bulb fuses the other still goes
Same
1. Converts electrical energy to light, heat, sound etc
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Term
Circuits
What are the parts of a circuit? |
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Definition
| battery/dry cell, switch, light bulb, resistor, and wires |
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Term
Circuits
What happens to the circuit when one bulb burns out in a series circuit? A parallel circuit? |
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Definition
Series circuit: All of the other bulbs burn out
Parallel circuit: They other keep working because the electrons are still able to move and go to the other bulbs |
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Term
Currents
Current is the rate at which charges move through a _____________________. |
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Definition
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Term
Energy
What are the names of the terminals on the battery? |
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Definition
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Term
Energy
Whether or not charges will move in a material depends how tightly__________________ are held in the atoms of the materials. |
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Definition
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Term
Ohm's Law
What is Ohm's Law? |
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Definition
| A law stating that electric current is proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance. |
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Term
Continentiial Drift
What is the theory of contiential drift and give the evidences of this theory? |
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Definition
Contiential drift-Continental drift is the movement of the Earth's continents relative to each other
Evidence
1. Continents to fit together
2. Rock patter started at a contient and ended at another
3. Fossils
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Term
Magnetic Strips
What are magnetic strips and how do they change overtime? |
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Definition
| It is a plastic material with magentizable powder mixed in with it. The strip can be magnetized by exposing it to a strong magnetic field |
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Term
Structural layer
What are the layers of the earth? How much volume does each layer make up? |
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Definition
Layers of the Earth
1. Inner Core
2. Outer Core
3. Mantle
4. Crust
Volume= 70%
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Term
Crust
Compare and Contrast oceaic crust and continential crust. Think density and thinkness
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Definition
Oceanic Crust-The relatively thin part of the earth's crust that underlies the ocean basins.
Contiential Crust- The relatively thick part of the earth's crust that forms the large landmasses
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Term
Energy
Radioactive materials have unstable __________ |
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Definition
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Term
Natural Disaters
What are the three plate boundries and what are there features? |
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Definition
Convergent boundary- two plates are moving towards each other
- Divergent boundary- plates are moving away from each other
- Transform boundary- Transform faults are characterized by the parallel motion of the two differing plates
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Term
Seismograph
What does the Seismograph measure? |
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Definition
| Device that scientists use to measure earthquakes. The goal of a seismograph is to accurately record the motion of the ground during a quake. |
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Term
Layers of the Earth
Give the features and sizes of the Earth: Inner and Outer Core, Mantle, and Crust. |
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Definition
Inner and Outer Core:The inner core - the center of earth - is solid and about 780 miles (1,250 km ) thick. The outer core is so hot that the metal is always molten, but the inner core pressures are so great that it cannot melt, even though temperatures there reach 6700ºF (3700ºC). The outer core is about 1,370 miles (2,200 km) thick.
Mantle: Earth's mantle is a rocky shell about 2,900 km (1,800 mi) thick that constitutes about 84% of Earth's volume. It is predominantly solid and encloses the hot core rich in iron and nickel.
Crust: The crust of the Earth is composed of a great variety of igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It occupies 1% of the Earth's volume. |
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Term
Waves
What are P, S and surface waves? |
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Definition
P-Wave-a longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph.
S-Wave- a longitudinal earthquake wave that travels through the interior of the earth and is usually the first conspicuous wave to be recorded by a seismograph.
Surface Wave-
a seismic wave that travels along or parallel to the earth's surface
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Term
Scale
What does the Richtar scale measure?
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Definition
| The richer scale is the measurement of energy trapped in the earthquake. |
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Term
Layers of the Earth
Expain the basic characteristics of the main atmospheric layers. |
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Definition
1) The troposphere is the first layer above the surface and contains half of the Earth's atmosphere. Weather occurs in this layer.
2) Many jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere because it is very stable. Also, the ozone layer absorbs harmful rays from the Sun.
3) Meteors or rock fragments burn up in the mesosphere.
4)The thermosphere is a layer with auroras. It is also where the space shuttle orbits.
5) The atmosphere merges into space in the extremely thin exosphere. This is the upper limit of our atmosphere. |
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Term
Ozone Layer
Explain where the ozone layer is and why it is important. How do CFC's change the ozone? |
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Definition
| Ozone is a gas in the atmosphere that protects everything living on the Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun. Without the layer of ozone in the atmosphere, it would be very difficult for anything to survive on the surface |
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Term
Clouds
What are the three main types of clouds?
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Definition
Cumulus- moderate altitude white puffy clouds.
Cirrus- high altitude looks like hair in the sky and usually means fair weather.
Stratus-Low altitude and an overcast sky
Cumulonimbus- These are puffy dark clouds that tower and are very tall.They usually bring thunderstorms. |
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Term
Weather
What is the relationship betwwen air temperature, dew point and humidity?
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Definition
| The dew point is the temperature that an air parcel would be saturated given its water vapor content. Relative humidity is the expression in percent of how much water vapor an air parcel contains relative to how much water vapor that parcel can hold for its given temperature |
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Term
Weather
Compare and contrast the term climate and weather |
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Definition
Weather: basically the way the atmosphere is behaving, mainly with respect to its effects upon life and human activities.
Climate:
the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. |
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Term
Water Cycle
Describe the water cycle using the terms precipitaion, condensation, evaporation, abd transpiration. |
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Definition
Precipitation: Rain
Condensation: It is the change of the matter from gaseous state into liquid state E.G: Change of water vapor into water
Evaporation: Just the opposite It is the change of the matter from liquid state into gaseous state
Transpiration: Evaporating water from plants |
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Term
Boundaries
Compare and contrast convergent, divergent, and transform fault boundaries. |
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Definition
Convergent:is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of lithosphere move toward one another and collide.
Divergent: is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
Transform Fault: a strike-slip fault that occurs typically between segments of a mid-ocean ridge or other tectonic-plate boundary and that is characterized by shallow high-magnitude earthquakes
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Term
Air Masses
Tell the differences between cold air mass and a worm air mass. What type of weather and clouds does each type bring?
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Definition
cold:The leading portion of a cold atmospheric air mass moving against and eventually replacing a warm air mass.
Warm: An air mass that is warmer than the surrounding air; an implication that the air mass is warmer than the surface over which it is moving.
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Term
Weather
Explain the difference between the terms continental, maritime, polar, and tropical. What types of air masses do these terms make are where do they originate from? |
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Definition
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Term
Convection Currents
What are convection currents? |
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Definition
| Convection is the transfer of heat through a fluid by the physical movement of the fluid itself, and convection currents are those movements. |
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Term
Earthquakes and Volcanos
Where do they most occur? |
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Definition
| Most volcanoes and earthquakes are concentrated along cracks or boundaries in the earth's tectonic plates. |
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Term
Seismographs
How many seismographs do you need to find the epicenter? |
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Definition
| The minimum of three are needed. |
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Term
Layers and Pauses of the Atmostphere
What are they? |
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Definition
| troposphere, tropopause, stratosphere, stratopause, mesosphere, mesopause, thermosphere, thermopause |
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Term
Atmosphere
How does the temperature change in the atmosphere? |
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Definition
| It gets cooler as you move farther from the surface |
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Term
Carbon Dixoide
Explain how and why carbon dioxide content changes the greenhouse effect in our atmostphere |
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Definition
| A layer of gases in Earth's atmosphere naturally creates a greenhouse effect. Without these gases in place, light and warmth from the sun would strike Earth, then largely reflect back into space and become lost, causing Earth's temperature to drop about 60 degrees Fahrenheit and become inhospitable for most life. Greenhouse gases catch the sun's radiation on its way back into space and reflect some of that warmth back to Earth, increasing temperatures. Human activities during the past century have increased the number of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, causing temperatures to rise. |
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Term
Gas
What are the three main types of gas? |
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Definition
| Oxygen, Heilium, Carbon dioxide |
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Term
Weather
What is the relationship between air temperature, dew point and humitdity? |
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Definition
| The dew point is the temperature that an air parcel would be saturated given its water vapor content. Relative humidity is the expression in per cent of how much water vapor an air parcel contains relative to how much water vapor that parcel can hold for its given temperature. |
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Term
Water Cycle
Describle the term precipitation, condensation, evaporation, and transpiration |
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Definition
Condensation: Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it.
Evaporation: To draw moisture from, as by heating, leaving only the dry solid portion.
Precipitation: Rain
Transpiration: process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere. |
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Term
Air Masses
Tell the difference between a cold air front mass and a warm air mass. What type of weather and clouds does each type bring? |
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Definition
Cold air front mass:A cold front is defined as the transition zone where a cold air mass is replacing a warmer air mass. Cold fronts generally move from northwest to southeast
Warm air mass: A warm front is the transition zone that marks where a warm air mass starts replacing a cold air mass. Warm fronts tend to move from southwest to southeast.
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Term
Polar
Explain the difference between the terms continental, maritime, polar, and tropical. What type pf air masses do these terms make or where do they originate from? |
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Definition
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Term
Weather
What characteristics are necessary to form a thunderstorm? |
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Definition
| The basic ingredients used to make a thunderstorm are moisture, unstable air and lift. |
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Term
Storms
How do hurricanes form and how are they categorized?
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Definition
| Alphabetical order and how strong it was and how many people it killed |
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Term
Wind Currents
Which direction does wind tend to turn in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere? |
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Definition
It would blow from the mass of high pressure to the mass of low pressureLooking down from a satellite, the northern hemisphere high pressure systems move in a clockwise direction and anticlockwise in the southern hemisphere.
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Term
Energy
Where does most of our energy come from? |
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Definition
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Term
Kinetic Energy
Compare and contrast kinetic versus potential energy. Give example of each |
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Definition
Potential energy: Stored energy
The energy possessed by a body because of its motion, equal to one half the mass of the body times the square of its speed. |
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Term
Transformations
Tell how energy can be transformed from source to source |
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Definition
| Though metal and other things that can easliy transfer |
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Term
Energy
What is the law of conservation energy?
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Definition
| Energy cannot be created or destroyed |
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Term
Energy
Explain how combustion occurs |
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Definition
| Generally organic molecules are heated up until they become vapor. The vapor rises to the flash point and ignites or combines chemically with oxygen. That exothermic reaction raises the temperature which causes more organic coumpounds to vaporize. That increases the size of the flame and heat. The smoke is the vapor. Fire is the ionized gas or plasma. |
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Term
Energy
List the types of alternative energy source |
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Definition
| renewable energy resources-such as wind and solar energy-are constantly replenished and will never run out. |
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Term
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Definition
| material which contains movable electric charges |
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Term
Clouds
What kinds of weather does each type of cloud predict or bring?
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Definition
Cumulonimbus clouds are thunderstorm clouds.
Cumulus clouds are often called "fair-weather clouds".
Stratus clouds -light mist or drizzle sometimes falls from them |
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Term
| Who is Wegener and why is he important to plate tectonics? |
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Definition
| He discoverd pangea and discoverd that all the continents where once all connected |
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Term
Clouds
Clouds will appear when the air temperature is equal to the ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened at the San Andreas fault boundry? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened at the San Andreas fault boundry? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happened at the San Andreas fault boundry? |
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Definition
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Term
Fronts
What is a front? What two things makes up a front? |
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Definition
| An air mass is a large body of air that has similar moisture (density) and temperature characteristics. A front is a transition zone between two air masses. Cold and warm fronts make up a front. |
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Term
Isobars and Isotherms
What do isobars and isotherms measure? |
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Definition
| Isobars and isotherms are lines on weather maps which represent patterns of pressure and temperature, respectively. They show how temperature and pressure are changing over space and so help describe the large-scale weather patterns across a region in the map. |
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Term
Thunderstorms
How is lightning and thunder formed? |
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Definition
Lightning is a flash of light created by electric discharge. It is extremely bright for a brief moment in time even at great distances. You have probably seen static electricity where you see a small spark. Lightning is similar except of course on a much bigger scale. Lightning requires a big vertically developing cloud complex. A cloud that produces lightning will tend to also have rain falling out of it.
Thunder is created by a rapid expansion of air. Think of a balloon popping. There is a sudden release of noise due to the rapid expansion of air. When lightning moves through the air it increases the temperature of the air dramatically in a very short period of time. The air then cools rapidly. This rapid expansion and contraction of the air gives off the sound waves that is heard from the lightning.
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Term
Severe Weather
When do most thunderstorms, hurricanes, or tornadoes form? |
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Definition
- Wind shear - a turning of the winds with height in the air;
- A strong vertical wind called an “updraft”, usually associated with an intense thunderstorm;
- A zone of colliding air masses near the surface.
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Term
Hurricane Formation
What are the basic ingredients necessary for a hurricane to form? |
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Definition
| Hurricanes only form over really warm ocean water of 80°F or warmer. The atmosphere (the air) must cool off very quickly the higher you go. Also, the wind must be blowing in the same direction and at the same speed so as not to disrupt formation. Winds flow outward above the storm allowing the air below to rise. Hurricanes typically form between 5 to 15 degrees latitude north and south of the equator |
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Term
Tornadoes
What type of air masses are used to make tornadoes? |
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Definition
| Most often a warm, moist air mass collides with a cool air mass, a cold air mass, or both. However, such a collision alone will only form thunderstorms. Other factors are needed for those storms to produce tornadoes. |
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Term
Blizzards
What characteristic is necessary to create a blizzard? |
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Definition
| A blizzard is a severe storm characterized by low temperatures, strong winds, and heavy snow. Visibility can be reduced effectively to zero. |
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Term
Fossil Fuels
What happens to the Earth when excess fossil fuels are burned? |
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Definition
| Whenever fossil fuel (coal, oil and natural gas) is burnt it releases all the carbon dioxide that has been stored up for millions of years. This CO2 adds to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and is causing global warming. |
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Term
Energy
What are the 5 main types of energy?
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Definition
- Mechanical
- thermal energy
- nuclear energy
- chemical energy
- electromagnetic energy
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