King of the Franks, converted to Christianity to unite France

Defeated Muslims in Spain at Battle of Tours

United Western Europe, crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III

Charlemagne’s officials who administrated the law

Split Charlemagne’s empire into 3 parts

Strong efficient government that set an example for later rulers

attacked Western Europe and broke the last threads of Charlemagne’s empire

Basis of European life; system by which societies protected themselves

True rulers under feudalism

Marriage in Noble Society included negotiations over woman’s dowry

Peasants stayed on land for life; self-sufficient economic system

Most powerful force in Medieval Europe

 Monks who traveled and preached the Gospels

 The Pope had authority over Kings and Emperors

 Crop that restored fertility to the soil in the 3-field system

Commercial practice that Europeans adopted from Muslim Merchants

Artisans, Merchants, Traders

 Associations of Merchants and Artisans

Feudalism and Manor System; Role of Church; Rise of Towns and Middle Class

CHAPTER 8:

Signed Magna Carta to appease rebellious Nobles

 Changed Parliament by including representatives of the common people

Asserted that the Monarch must obey the law; guaranteed the rule of The concept of Individual Rights

Imposed royal law over their domain in France

Allowed German Nobles to become independent

 Claimed a Divine position between God and Human Rulers

 Control of Holy Land, Wealth and Land, Adventure

Legacy of religious hatred between Christians, Jews and Muslims, growth Of money economy, increase power of Monarchs, wider world view

 launched a Crusade against Jews and Muslims

Church Court to try Heretics

 Set up for a better educated Clergy

Began a revolution in the world of learning

 Story of a hero who sacrifices his life out of a sense of Honor

Journey through Heaven, Hell, Purgatory

 Picture of Medieval Life

 Noted for its graceful spires and tall windows

 Deadly disease throughout Europe

 French Kings were able to expand their power