"median"

through the midline

"coronal"

through midaxillary line

"horizontal"

divides top/bottom, through transverse line

liver

gallbladder

transverse/ascending colon

appendix

ascending colon

spleen

pancreas

stomach

transverse/descending colon

vasoconstriction

mydriasis (pupil dilation)

diaphoresis

skin is greatly affected, blood shunted to core

ALL relate to the heart

1. increase HR
2. increase force of contraction
3. speed up electrical impulses

smooth muscle dilates, especially bronchioles

uterus (delay pre-term labor)

Adult: 8-24 rpm

Child: 15-30 rpm

Infant: 25-50 rpm

Adult: 120-140/60-85 mmHg

Adolescent: 90/60 mmHg

Child 1-10 yo: 80+(age x 2)/ 2/3 systolic

Infant: 70-90/45-60

97-100%

Hypoxic under 95%

Elderly: 90 bpm

Adult: 60-80 bpm

Adolescent: 60-105 bpm

School-age: 60-120 bpm

Preschooler: 80-150 bpm

Infant: 120-150 bpm

Newborn: 100-180 bpm

cardiac arrest

drug use (LSD, amphetamines, cocaine)

CNS disorder

narcotics

stroke

head injury

eye drops

cardiac arrest

brain injury

drug intoxication/OD

decorticate posturing

upper brainstem injury

arms flexed, or bent inward on the chest, hands are clenched into fists, and legs extended and feet turned inward

decerebrate posturing

lower brainstem injury

head is arched back, arms are extended by the sides, elbows extended, and legs are extended

EYES

1. Doesn't open eyes
2. Opens eyes to pain
3. Opens eyes on command
4. Opens eyes spontaneously

VERBAL

1. No verbal response
2. Garbled, unintelligible noises
3. Inappropriate responses
4. Not A&O x4
5. A&O x4

MOTOR

1. No motor response
2. Decerebrate, extension
3. Decorticate, flexion
4. Withdraws from pain
5. Localizes pain
6. Follows commands

1. General impression
2. LOC
3. Airway
4. Breathing
5. Circulation
6. Patient priorities for transport and further assessment

Secondary assessment

for a trauma or medical patient with an AMS or unresponsive

1. rapid secondary assessment
2. baseline vitals
3. history