Term
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Definition
- Compressed powders or tablets
- Liquids for injection
- Gel
- Suspensions
- Fine powder for inhalation
- Gases for inhalation
- Sublingual
- Liquid that is vaporized
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Term
| Rights of giving medication |
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Definition
- Do I have the right patient?
- Is this the right medication?
- Is this the right dose?
- Am I giving this medication by the right route of administration?
- Right temp?-Patient and drug
- Right concentration?
- Right timing?
- Right rate?
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Term
| Drug administration routes |
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Definition
- Oral
- Sublingual
- Inhaled
- Intravenous
- Intramuscular
- Intranasal
- Subcutaneous
- Endotracheal
- Rectally
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- High-pitched, musical, whistling
- Constriction of bronchioles**
- Best heard on exhalation
- Usually heard in asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, CHF
- Wheezing that is diffused is primary indication for administration of beta agonist medication
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Term
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Definition
- Rattling noises, thick sounds
- Caused by thick mucous secretions and inflamed bronchi
- Heard in chronic bronchitis, emphysema, aspirations, and pneumonia as snoring or rattling sounds
- Quality of sound changes if person coughs or changes positions
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Term
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Definition
- Bubbly or crackling sounds
- Associated with fluid around the alveoli (fluid pulled downward by gravity), crackling associated with alveoli and terminal bronchioles "popping" open with each inhalation
- Gas exchange impeded by fluid between alveolus and capillary
- 1 liter of fluid to hear rales
- Indicate pulmonary edema or pneumonia
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased oxygen in the blood stream |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased oxygen in the tissues |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Bronchiole lining is inflamed and excess mucus is formed
- Cilia in bronchioles are damaged or destroyed and can't clear away accumulations of mucus
- Shortness of breath, wheezing, fever
- Alveoli remain unaffected, recurrent infections leave scar tissues that further narrow airway
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Term
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Definition
- More common in men, causation factor is cigarette smoking or exposion to environmental toxins
- Decreased surface area
- Can't register high levels of CO2
- Losing elasticity, alveoli distended with trapped air
- Wheezing and rhonchi
- "Pink puffer"
- Thin, barrel chest appearance
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Term
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Definition
- Acute infectious disease-caused by bacteria,virus,fungus
- Results from inhalation of certain microbes or toxic irritants that grow in the lungs and cause inflammation
- Coughing, fever, chest pain, severe chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, decreased mental status
- Up to 20% mortality rate
- Radiating pain in shoulder
- Additional risk factors: cigarette smoking, alcoholism, exposure to cold temps
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Term
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Definition
- Bronchioles become narrowed and overproduction thick mucus
- Exhalation is hard-wheezing, nonproductive cough
- Chest tightness
- Reversible
- Triggered by outside antagonist
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Term
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Definition
- Lung collapses without injury or any other obvious cause
- Usually result of rupture of a bleb, a small section of the lung that is weak
- More likely in tall, thin males-males going through growth spurt or between ages 20-40
- Change in pressure causes lung to collapse
- Sharp pleuritic chest pain, shortness of breath, tire easily, tachycardic, breathe fast, cyanosis
- Decreased or absent breath sounds on injured lung
- Visceral pleura stretches when pt experiences increase in intrathoracic pressure
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Term
| Abnormal breathing is a result of several possibilities: |
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Definition
- Increased width of the space between alveoli and blood vessels
- Lack of perfusion of the pulmonary capillaries from right ventricle of the heart
- Filling of the alveoli with fluid, blood, or pus
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Term
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Definition
| Deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with DKA, severe metabolic acidosis, and kidney failure |
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Term
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Definition
- Prolonged life-threatening attack producing inadequate breathing and severe S/S
- Does not respond to either oxygen or medication
- Requires immediate and rapid transport to hospital, consider ALS backup
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Term
| Signs and symptoms of asthma: |
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Definition
- Dyspnea
- Nonproductive cough
- Wheezing
- Tachypnea
- Tachycardia
- Anxiety and apprehension
- Possible fever
- Chest tighness
- Inability to sleep
- SpO2 less than 95%
- allergic reaction S/S
- runny nose, sneezing, red or bloodshot eyes, stuffy nose
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Term
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Definition
- Related to an inadequate pumping function of the heart that drastically increases the pressure in pulmonary capillaries
- Forces fluid to leak into space between alveoli and capillaries
- Most frequently seen in pts with cardiac dysfunction leading to CHF
- Hypoxia is common
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Term
| Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) also known as Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema |
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Definition
- Results from destruction of capillary beds that allows fluid to leak out
- Common causes are severe pneumonia, aspiration of vomit, submersion, narcotic overdose, inhalation of smoke or other toxic gases, ascent to high altitude, and trauma
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Term
| Hyperventilation Syndrome |
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Definition
- Pt often anxious and feels unable to catch his breath
- Pt breathes faster and deeper
- Will "blow off" excessive amounts of CO2
- Calcium in body decreases, causing muscles of the feet and hands to cramp
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Term
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Definition
- Inflammation affecting the upper airway
- Can be acute, severe, and life-threatening condition if left untreated
- Conditions that cause it are: infectious, chemical, traumatic agents, and viruses, fungi, and bacteria
- Previous years H influenza Type B was most common
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