Term
| Normal Anotomical Position |
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Definition
| Standing erect, facing forward with arms down at sides and palms forward. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient is laying face up on his/her back. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient is lying face down on his/her stomach. |
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Term
| Lateral Recumbant Position |
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Definition
| Patient is lying on his/her left or right side (switch sides if more than 30 minutes passes) |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient is lying on his/her back with his/her upper body elevated at a 45-60 degree angle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient is lying on his/her back with legs elevated higher than head. |
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Term
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Definition
| N.A.P. with a line going right down the middle (facing you). Divides the body into right and left planes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patient standing in profile... line from the middle of the armpit down to the ankle. Divides the body into the anterior plane (front) and posterior plane (back). |
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Term
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Definition
| N.A.P. horizontal line through the patient's waist. Divides the body into superior plane (above) and interior plane (below). |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the sole of the foot. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the palm of the hand. |
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Term
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Definition
| a bony framework, or skeleton, held together by ligaments that connect bone to bone, layers of muscles, tendons that connect muscles to bones, and various other connective tissues. |
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Term
| Three functions of the skeletal system |
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Definition
1)Gives the body its shape
2)Protects the vital internal organs
3)Allows for movement |
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Term
| Six components of the skeletal system |
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Definition
1)Skull
2)Spinal Column
3)Thorax
4)Pelvis
5)Upper Extremities
6)Lower Extremities |
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Term
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Definition
| Rests at the top of the spinal column and houses and protects the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| forms the top, back, and sides of the skull plus the forehead. |
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Term
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Definition
| area between the brow and chin. Has 14 bones, 13 of which are immovable and interlocking. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fused bones of the upper jaw |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Lower jaw. Moves freely on hinge joints. Largest and strongest bone in the face. |
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Term
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Definition
| The principal support system of the body. Directly or indirectly attached to the entire human skeleton. Made up of 33 irregularly shaped blocks of bone called vertebrea. |
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Term
| The five parts of the spinal column |
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Definition
1. Cervical
2. Thoracic
3. Lumbar
4. Sacral
5. Coccyx |
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Term
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Definition
| The first seven vertebrae. Most prone to injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| 12 vertebrae directly inferior to the cervical spine. The upper back. 12 pairs of thoracic ribs are attached. |
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Term
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Definition
| 12 vertebrae that form the lower back. Least mobile of the vertebrae. |
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Term
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Definition
| The next 5 vertebrae below the Lumbar spine. Form the posterior side of the pelvis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tailbone. Made up of the last 4 vertebrae. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chest between the base of the neck and the diaphram. Composed of the ribs, the sternum (breastbone) and the thoracic spine. |
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Term
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Definition
| collarbone. Attached to the superior portion of the sternum (manubrium). |
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Term
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Definition
| The inferior portion of the sternum. |
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Term
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Definition
| The bones that form the floor of the abdominal cavity. The sacrum and the coccyx of the spine, the iliac crests, the pubis, and the ischium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Legs from the hip to the tows. |
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Term
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Definition
| the joint made up of the pelvic socketis where the femur fits. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| weight bearing bone located at the anterior and medial side of the leg. |
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Term
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Definition
| attached to the tibia at the top and is located at the lateral side of the leg parallel to the tibia. |
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Term
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Definition
| shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the lateral triangular protection of the scapula that forms the point of the shoulder. |
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Term
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Definition
| The largest bone in the upper extremity, located in the proximal portion of the upper arm. |
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Term
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Definition
| the lateral bone of the forearm |
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Term
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Definition
| the medial bone of the forearm. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The 8 bones of the wrist. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the bones of the fingers and the thumbs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Permits the widest range of motion-flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation (Shoulder and hip). |
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Term
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Definition
| permits flexion and extension. |
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Term
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Definition
| allows for a turning motion and includes joints between the head and neck and in the wrist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bone slides across another to the point where surrounding structures restrict the motion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shaped to permit combinations of limited movements along perpendicular planes. EX: Ankle allows the foot to slightly turn inward as it moves up and down. |
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Term
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Definition
| A modified ball and socket joint that permits limited motion in two directions. EX: Wrist |
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Term
| The Three Types of Muscles |
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Definition
1.Voluntary
2.Involuntary
3.Cardiac |
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Term
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Definition
| Can be contracted and relaxed by the will of the individual. Often referred to as skeletal muscles. Generally attached at the one or both ends to a bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called "smooth muscle" is made up of large fibers that carry out the automatic muscular functions of the body. Individual has no direct control over these muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A special kind of involuntary muscle particularly suited for the work of the heart. Has its own blood supply. |
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Term
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Definition
| The organs involved in the exchange of gases between an organism and the atmosphere. |
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Term
| The 7 Major components of the respiratory system. |
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Definition
1. The nose and mouth
2. The pharynx
3. The Epiglottis
4. The Trachea and Larynx
5. The Bronchi
6. The Lungs
7. The Diaphragm |
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Term
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Definition
| Throat. The oral portion is the oropharynx and the nasal portion is called the nasopharynx. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small leaf-shaped flap that covers the entrance of the larynx during swallowing. |
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Term
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Definition
| The trachea carries air from the nose and mouth to the lungs. The larynx houses the vocal cords. |
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Term
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Definition
| two tubes that branch of from the distal portion of the trachea and connect to each lung. |
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Term
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Definition
| Subdivisions or branches from each bronchus that connect to thousands of alveoli. |
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Term
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Definition
| principal organs of respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| A powerful dome-shaped muscle essential to respiration that also separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. |
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Term
| Normal respiratory rate for adults. |
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Definition
| 12 to 20 breaths per minute. |
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Term
| Normal respiratory rate for children |
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Definition
| 15-30 breaths per minute. |
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Term
| Normal respiratory rate for infants. |
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Definition
| 25-50 breaths per minute. |
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Term
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Definition
| the body system that transports blood to all parts of the body. Includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular organ that contracts to force blood into circulation through the body. Located within the chest in the thoracic cavity between the two lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| a double-walled sac that encloses the heart, gives support, and prevents friction as the heart moves within this protective sac. |
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Term
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Definition
| the upper chambers of the heart that receive blood from the veins. The right atria receives oxygen depleted blood from the veins of the body. The left atria receives oxygen rich blood from the pulmonary veins of the lungs. |
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Term
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Definition
| The lower chambers of the heart that pump blood out to the arteries. The right ventricle pumps oxygen depleted blood to the pulmonary arteries and eventually to the lungs where they are oxygenated. The left ventricle pumps oxygen rich blood to the aorta, gradually delivering it to all body cells. |
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Term
| The four valves of the heart |
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Definition
1. Tricuspid valve: between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
2. Pulmonary valve: at the base of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle.
3. Mitral valve: (bicuspid valve) between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
4. Aortic valve: at the base of the aortic artery in the left ventricle.
The purpose of the valves, is to keep blood flowing in one direction and prevent backflow. |
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Term
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Definition
| carry blood away from the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The major artery from the heart. Lieas in front of the spine and passes through the thoracic and abdominal cavities. At about the naval, the aorta divides into the iliac arteries which carry blood down each leg. The aorta and its branches supply all other arteries with blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| vessels that supply the heart with blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| one on each side of the neck, supply the brain and head with blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| the major artery of the thigh and supplies the groin and leg with blood. Pulsations can be felt in the groin and at the crease between the abdomen and thigh. |
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Term
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Definition
| an artery in the foot. Pulsations can be found on the top surface of the foot on the big toe side. |
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Term
| Posterior Tibial Arteries |
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Definition
| the posterior tibial artery travels from the calf to the foot. Pulsations can be felt posterior to the medial malleolus (ankle bone). |
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Term
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Definition
| the major artery of the upper arm. Used when determining blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| major artery of the arm distal to the elbow joint. Pulsations can be felt proximal to the thumb on the wrist. Usually assessed when taking a patient's pulse. |
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Term
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Definition
| arteries that originate in the right ventricle of the heart, carry oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs, where blood is oxygenated and returned to the heart for circulation throughout the body (the ONLY arteries that carry deoxygenated or oxygen depleted blood). |
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Term
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Definition
| carry blood from the arteries to the capillaries. |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny blood vessel that connects an arteriole to a venule. Has walls that allow for the exchange of gases, nutrients and waste at the cellular level. All fluid, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange takes place between the blood and tissue cells through the walls of the capillaries in all parts of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest branches of the veins are connected to the distal ends of the capillaries. Oxygen depleted blood flows here from the capillaries and transported to larger veins. |
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Term
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Definition
| carries blood back to the heart. All veins except the pulmonary veins carry oxygen-depleted blood. Major veins include the venae cavae and the pulmonary veins. |
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Term
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Definition
| veins that carry oxygen-depleted blood back to the right atrium where it begins circulation through the heart and lungs. Superior and inferior are located at the top and bottom of the right atrium and determine whether the blood comes from the upper or lower body. |
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Term
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Definition
| veins that carry oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium. The only veins that carry oxygenated blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood cells that carry oxygen to the body cells and carry carbon dioxide away from the cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood cells that are part of the body's immune system and help defend against infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| essential to the forming of blood clots. Necessary to stop bleeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the liquid part of the blood, which carries blood cells and transports nutrients to all tissues. Also transports waste products to organs where they can be excreted from the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| the wave of blood propelled through the arteries as the result of the contraction of the left atrium of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| the force exerted by the blood on the interior walls of the blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle contracts. |
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Term
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Definition
| the pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries when the left ventricle is at rest or in between contractions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the delivery of oxygen and other nutrients to the cells of all organ systems and elimination of carbon dioxide and other waste products, which results from the constant adequate circulation of blood through the capillaries. |
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Term
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Definition
| the insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients to some of the body's cells and the inadequate elimination of carbon dioxide and other wastes that result from inadequate circulation of blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Controls the voluntary and involuntary activity of the human body. Includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. |
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Term
| The two main structures of the nervous system. |
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Definition
1. central nervous system.
2. peripheral nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| the outermost portion of the brain. Occupies nearly all the cranial cavity. Controls specific body functions such as sensation, thought, and associative memory. Initiates and manages motions that are under the conscious control of the the individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| AKA the "small brain", located in the posterior and inferior aspect of the cranium. Coordinates muscle activity and maintains balance through impulses from the eyes and the ears. Holds muscles in a state of partial contraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains the mesencephalon, the pons, and the madula oblongata. |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
| Composed of nerves located outside the spinal cord and brain. Carries sensory information from the body to the spinal cord and brain. Carries motor information from the brain and spinal cord to the body. |
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