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Author of book "General Principles of Technology"
Known for Complexity Theory
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| Complexity Theory/Theory of Increasing Returns |
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Theory of Increasing Returns: Increasing returns magnify small, random occurences in the marketplace.
Complexity Theory: opposing the view that view the world as scientific, this theory views science more like a biological study, studying how "things assemble themselves", showcasing emerging patterns |
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| A means to fulfill a human purpose. |
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| An assemblage of practices and components |
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| The entire colletion of devices and engineering practices available to a culture |
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| Elements are also technologies; the combination of other technologies |
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| Phenomena exists independently from mankind and technology (i.e. gravity and electricity) |
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| Developed "The Super Station |
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Penetration - Maximizing Eye Balls
Programming - syndicated shows (Star Trek, Rural comedies, Westerns, Braves, Hawks, and World Championship Wrestling)
Promotion - Superstation promotes the Braves, and vice versa
Personnel - non-unionized
Profits - Direct Response Advertising |
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| One company controls the marketplace (MPPC, Edison Trust, AT&T, Microsoft) |
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| Many companies compete for market share |
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Few companies control the marketplace
Most significant market paradigm in the electronic media |
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| Warner Brothers, Paramount, Metro Goldwin Mayer, 20th Century Fox, and RKO |
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| When a movie company owns multiple "levels". For example, they own the movie studio, movie theaters, distribution, et al. |
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| Who are the largest media conglomerates? |
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Disny, followed by News Corp (Fox), Viacom, Time Warner
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| Three eras of Motion Pictures |
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Silent Era
Sound Era
Digital Era |
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Novelty Stage
Thomas Edison patents Kinetograph and Kinetoscope
December 1895 - First public exhibition - TRAIN PULLING INTO A STATION in Paris, France
April 1896 - American Debut - Koster and Bial's Music Hall, Edison's Vitascope
Nickelodeon Stage
Fantasy - A Trip to the Moon
Realism - The Great Train Robery
MPPC (Edison Trust)
Hollywood Stage (1911-1926)
Advent of "Feature Film"
Launch of "Star System"
Move to California
Early studio system and Vertical Integration |
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Studio Stage (1927-1948)
Fox Shorts
Warner Brothers (Jazz Singer in 1927) - first film to exploit synch dialogue
5 Major Studios (MGM, 20th Fox, WB, Paramount, RKO)
Little 3 (United Artists, Columbia, Universal)
Citizen Kane
TV I Stage (1948-1985)
Arrival of TV
Paramount Decrees
Color, Widescreen, 3D, Drive In
Movies as TV Programming
Made-for-TV
TV II Stage
Satellite Distribution - HBO and TBS
Shift from Mass Marketing to Niche Marketing
Resurrection in feature films
Rise of Cineplex
New Revenue Streams (VHS, Video Rental, Premium TV, PPV)
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