Term
What is a cell, and what does it consist of? |
|
Definition
| The smallest living unit of organization in the body. membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, inclusions |
|
|
Term
What is the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis? |
|
Definition
Exo - stuff inside cell transported outside cell
Endo - stuff inside cell being transported out |
|
|
Term
Describe the relationship between cells, tissues, organs, and systems. |
|
Definition
| Cells with similar form group together to make a tissue, Tissues bond together to be organs, Organs function together as a body system. |
|
|
Term
What does the study of histology involve? |
|
Definition
| Study of microscopic structure and function of cells and their tissues |
|
|
Term
What is the cell membrane, and what does it consist of? |
|
Definition
| plasma membrane that completely surrounds the cell. guardian or gate keeper of the cell. contains phospholipids and proteins |
|
|
Term
What is the cytoplasm, and what are vacuoles? |
|
Definition
| semifluid portion of the cell within cell membrane as well as other areas. Contains spaces within it named vacuoles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| speciallized, metabolically active structures within the cell. The organelles allow each cell to function according to its genetic code. |
|
|
Term
| List the most common organelles |
|
Definition
| nucleus, mitochonria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, cytoskeleton. |
|
|
Term
What is the nucleus, and what is its relationship with chromosomes? |
|
Definition
| found in all cells except rbc - command center of the cell. Houses the dna chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
Explain the appearance and function of mitochrondria and ribosomes. |
|
Definition
| mitochonria are responsible for energy via cellular respiration. looks like a mean with ripples. Ribosomes: Tiny spheres - made in nucleus by rRNA - translates DNA sequence to protein sequence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid portion within the nucleus. Contains important molecules for the construction of ribosomes, necleic acids and other nuclear materials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clear, constricted area near the middle of a chromosome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells with similar characteristics working together |
|
|
Term
Explain the appearance and function of the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex. |
|
Definition
smooth ER - not studded with ribosomes
Rough ER - Studded with ribosomes
function- modification, storage, segregation, transport of protiens.
Golgi complex - packaging and transport of protein compounds. |
|
|
Term
What are lysosomes, and how are they related to cell function? |
|
Definition
| produced by the golgi. intra and extra cellular digestion of waste. Enzymes the lysosomes use are originally produced on RER |
|
|
Term
Describe the appearance of centrosomes and how they are related to cell division. |
|
Definition
| Dense oval shaped - holds centriole. Helps form mitotic spindle during cell division. Cell can not reproduce without this. |
|
|
Term
What is the cytoskeleton, and what does it consist of? |
|
Definition
| 3 demensional system of support. includes microfilaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments |
|
|
Term
| What are inclusions in the cell, and what are their function? |
|
Definition
| metabolically inert substances or structures that are transient. Inclusions are like a storage for things. |
|
|
Term
List some common inclusions. |
|
Definition
| Melanin, pigment storage. spent lysosomes and digested materials. |
|
|
Term
What occurs during cell division? |
|
Definition
| DNA replicated, mitosis (dna divided and copied so daughter cells are identical), Then other cytoplasmic parts of the cell are divided. 4 phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chromatin condenses into chromosomes, replicated centrioles migrate to opposite poles. Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disintegrate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chromosomes move so their centromeres are aligned in the equal plane. Mitotic spindle forms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| centromeres split, each chromosome seperates into 2 chromatids. chromatids migrate to opposite poles by mitotic spindle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| devision into 2 daughter cells occurs. Nuclear membrane reappears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells between divisions engage in growth, metabolism, organelle replacement, and substance production. |
|
|
Term
Explain tissue fluid and intercellular substance and their functions.
|
|
Definition
| interstitial fluid. used for transporting substances, carrying out chemical reactions. medium for disolving and mixing |
|
|
Term
What are intercellular junctions? |
|
Definition
| mechanical attachments between cells. Cell membranes come close together but do not fully attach. |
|
|
Term
Explain the difference between a desmosome and hemidesmosome. |
|
Definition
desmosome - "spot weld" attaches cell to cells
Hemidesmosome - weaker attachment that attaches cell to noncellular structures gums to teeth |
|
|
