Term
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Definition
| Embryo at an early stage: a mass of blastomeres |
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Term
| With implantation, what happens to the trophoblast layer? |
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Definition
| It divides: cyto and syncytiotrophoblast |
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Term
| What forms the embryonic membrane and the fetal portion of the placenta? |
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Definition
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Term
| From where does the embryo develope? |
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Definition
| inner cell mass or embryoblast |
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Term
| The embryoblast divide into how many layers? What are they? |
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Definition
2 layers
1)entoderm=inner layer
2)ectoderm=outer layer |
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Term
| What forms the embryonic disc? |
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Definition
| the ecto and entoderm layers |
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Term
| What type of cells are the amniotic cavity lined with? |
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Definition
| ectodermal and amniogenic cells |
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Term
| Which cells line the primitive yolk sac? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three embrionic germ layers and what are each responsible for? |
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Definition
1) entoderm (inside layer)= respiratory system, digestive system, bladder, liver, and pancreas
2) mesoderm (middle layer)= connective tissue, bone, muscle, vascular system, lymphatic system,kidney, and cartilage
3) Ectoderm (outer layer)= skin, nervous system, brain, spine, and nails |
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Term
| What is the sequence for cell division? |
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Definition
1)stages of morula
2)advanced morula (takes up fluid)
3)blastocyst
4)embryoblast(inner cell mass)
5)wall attachment
6)trophoblast (2 cell layers cyto and syncytiotrophoblast)
7)implantation |
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Term
| Whn is the embryoblast formed? |
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Definition
| after the advance morula fills with fluid to become blastocyt the inner cell mass (embryoblast) is formed |
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Term
| What is responsible for the attachment to the wall? |
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Definition
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Term
| The embryo developes from the ________? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the space formed between the inner cell mass? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the embryonic mesoderm? |
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Definition
| responsible for the seperation of the entodermal cells and trophoblast |
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Term
| What is another name for embryonic disc? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many cell layers do embryonic disc have? |
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Definition
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Term
Where does intraembryonic tissue form from?
What are they? |
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Definition
Forms from 2 layers of the embryonic proper
1)ectoderm- consisting of columnar cells
2)cuboidal entoderm-forms the roof of the primitive yolk sac |
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Term
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Definition
| Membranous layer from the extra-embryonic mesoderm; left from the remainder of the entodermal cells lining the yolk sac. |
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Term
| The ento and ectoderm layers are seperated by the mesoderm except in what area? |
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Definition
| area of the prochordal plate |
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Term
| What are the clusters of the mesoderm called? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the prochordal plate? |
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Definition
| really thick part of the embryo |
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Term
| This layer lines the trophblast and part of the amnion? |
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Definition
| parietal somatopleuric layer |
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Term
| Which layer covers the yolk sac? |
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Definition
| visceral splachnopleuric layer |
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Term
| With the formation of the extra-embryonic celom, what two layers appear when the mesoderm seperate? |
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Definition
parietal somatopleuric layer and the visceral splachnopleuric layer
*contain triggers for angiogenic cells |
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Term
| Whats another name for angiogenic cell clusters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when angiogenic cells increase in size and number? |
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Definition
| the endocardial tubes grow |
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Term
| From where are the two dorsal aorta's produced? |
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Definition
| bilateral clusters of angiogenic cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the mesenchyme and what happens there? |
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Definition
| its within the splanchnopleuric mesoderm; where the blood islands(angiogenic cells) are |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens once the dorsal aorto's are formed from the angiogenic cells? |
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Definition
| They connect with the dorsal and caudal ends of endocardial tubes and form the atrial end |
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Term
| Which of the Ao arches form first? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the venous end of the embryo form? |
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Definition
| fuse with viteline veins from the caudal ends of endocardial tubes |
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Term
True or False
The venous end of the embryo are initially on the outside of the pericardial cavity |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| growing of the fore-brain and the growth of the neural plate |
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Term
True or False
The right and left endocardial tubes eventually fuse to become a single tube with an atrial and venous end. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the dorsal aorta's once the heart tube is formed? |
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Definition
-they leave the endocardial tubes
-each produce an arch (right and left) |
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Term
| What day does the heart begin to beat? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What day does circulation begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whats happening to the pericardial cavity while the heart tube is growing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What tissue surrounds the single heart tube? |
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Definition
| splachnopleuric mesodermal tissue |
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Term
| What 3 layers does the splachnopleuric mesodermal tissue split into? |
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Definition
-cardiac jelly
-densley nucleated layer
-third
*2 &3 collectively are called myoepicardiam mantel |
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Term
| Where is the cardiac jelly layer? |
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Definition
| inner most layer. surrounds the heart tube |
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Term
| What does the third layer of the splachnopleuric layer consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the cranial end of the aortic sac lead to form |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the caudal ends of the heart tube lead to the formation of? |
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Definition
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Term
| The mid portion of the heart tube is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the bulboventricular part of the tube lay? |
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Definition
| within the pericardial cavity and is essentially striaght |
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Term
| What happens as the bulbis continues to grow? |
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Definition
Forces the heart tube to bend to the right and anteriorly.
*this produces the bulboventricular sulcus |
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Term
| What is a bulboventricular sulcus? |
|
Definition
| ?deppression on the outside that leads to a fold on the inside. |
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Term
| How are the truncus and conus positioned? |
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Definition
| the increase of the heart tube size and a continuation to fold. |
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Term
| With the folding of the heart tube, anterior and to the right, what does this maneuver position? |
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Definition
| positions the left ventricle to the left |
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Term
| with growthof the bulbis cordis what happens to the primitive atrium? |
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Definition
| Moves into the pericardial cavity and up from the back |
|
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Term
| with the reposition of the a-v canal, what does this serve? |
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Definition
| communication between te atria and left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
| as in the heart trabeculation of the LV and RV start to form. |
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Term
| What does the bulbis cordis eventually become? |
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Definition
| primitive right ventricle |
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Term
| What is the cornis cordis? |
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Definition
| remaining 1/3 of the bulbis cordis where the outflow portions of the RV/LV are located |
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Term
| What does the truncus arterioses give rise to? |
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Definition
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Term
What causes the trunconal section of the bulbis cordis to shift? |
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Definition
| primitive atrium growing rapidly |
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Term
| How does the trunccordal section of the bulbid cordis shift? |
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Definition
| more medial; between the roofs of the RV ad LV |
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Term
| How many cardiac septa are there? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the 4 chambers, 4 valves, PA, and Ao accomplished? |
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Definition
| by the correct formation of the 7 cardiac septa |
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Term
| What is the communication from the atria to the ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are the borders of the intraventricular foreman formed? |
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Definition
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|
Term
True or False
Some trabeculaton is reabsorbed into the myocardium? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Ventricle enlarge by a process called _______? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What becomes of the remaining trabeculation that is not reabsorbed? |
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Definition
| becomes papillary muscles,moderator and septal bands |
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Term
|
Definition
| medial walls of growing ventricles; they oppose and fuse |
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|
Term
| Septal and moderator band appear and connect to anterior pap muscles in what ventricle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whats the trabeculation of the Left Ventricle responsible for? |
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Definition
| antreo and posterolateral |
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Term
| What eventually happens to the av canal? |
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Definition
| divides into right and left av orifices |
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|
Term
| What are endocardial cushions? |
|
Definition
| masses of mesenchymal tissue |
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Term
| How are the endocardial cushions arranged? |
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Definition
superior/inferior
lateral/medial |
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|
Term
| What happens when endocardial cushions begin to form? |
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Definition
| av canal and trunconal areas align themselves by shifting medially |
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Term
| What happens as the heart chambers dilate? |
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Definition
1) bulboventricular flange receed
2) IVS grows and shifts so its aligned with the primitive LV and conus cordis. |
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Term
| As the endocardial cushions grow extending into the av canal, which way does the av canal widen? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the division of the av canal completed? |
|
Definition
| by the fusion of the major endocardial cushions |
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|
Term
| What happens to the Right and Left endocardial cushions? |
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Definition
| eventually they develop prominences |
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|
Term
| Fusion of the endocardial tissues also form what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When the endocardial cushions form arcs they bend with the _________ side towards the LV and the ________ side towards the atria |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Approximatley how long does the communication between the atria stay open? |
|
Definition
| until 72 hours after birth |
|
|
Term
| with the formation of the IAS the septum primum meets the convex side of the EC and fuse. The portion to the left of the septum primum form what? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| whats the comminication between the RV/LV called? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 truncus swellings grow spirely and seperate to produce? |
|
Definition
| the truncus septum, producing the Ao and PA |
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Term
|
Definition
| finishes pulmonary artery and branches |
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Term
|
Definition
| aorta, head vessels, Ao arch |
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|
Term
| What becomes the primary interventricular foreman |
|
Definition
| junction between the LV and the bulbis cordis |
|
|
Term
| where does the diverticula start to appear? |
|
Definition
| along the ventral borders of the heart tube. |
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Term
| Which 3 cardiac septa form passively |
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Definition
1) septum secundum of atrium
2) muscular portion of the IVS
3) aortic pulmonary septum |
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|
Term
| which 3 cardiac septa form actively |
|
Definition
1) the av canal
2) conus septum
3) truncus septum |
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|
Term
| Which septa starts to form passively then completes actively? |
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Definition
| primum intraatrial septum |
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 truncus swellings? |
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Definition
1) dextrosuperior wall
2) sinistroinferior wall |
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