Term
What are a gland and duct? |
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Definition
gland = structure that produces chemical
duct = passageway for chemical to be dumped into target location |
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Term
What is the difference between and exocrine and endocrine gland? |
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Definition
exocrine = has a duct
endocrine = no duct |
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Term
What does the salivary gland produce, and what is its function? |
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Definition
| saliva, lubricates and cleanses the oral mucosa, protecting it from dryness and potential carcinogens. |
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Term
What does this salivary gland product contain? |
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Definition
| minerals, buffers, enzymes,immunoglobulins, metabokic wastes |
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Term
Describe the histology of salivary gland. |
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Definition
| composed of epithelium and connective tissue. |
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Term
Contrast the mucous and serous cells and the products they produce. |
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Definition
Mucous cells have a cloudier-looking cytoplasm and produce mucous.
Serous have a clear cytoplasm and produce serous. |
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Term
What are the three forms of acini, and how are they different from each other? |
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Definition
serous acini - serous producing cells narrow lumen
mucous acini - mucous cells lumen is wider
mucoserous acini - group of mucous cells and serous cells - mixed product. |
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Term
Explain the appearance, location, and function of myoepithelial cells. |
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Definition
| located on the surface of the acini as well as in the ducts. look like an octopus on a rock. They contract forcing the fluid out of the pod structure. |
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Term
Describe the different portions of the ductal system, including their histology. |
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Definition
lined with epithelial cells. Intercalated ducts - attached to acinus
striated ducts - attached to intercalated ducts - resorb and secrete electrolytes into blood
excretory ducts - last duct b4 saliva empties into cavity. |
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Term
Name the three major salivary glands and their locations. |
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Definition
parotid - near mandibular ramus
submandibular - beneath mandible
sublingual - anterior to submandibular |
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Term
What does each major salivary gland produce? |
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Definition
parotid - serous
submandibular - serous and mucous
sublingual - mucous tiny bit of serous |
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Term
What is the difference between a major and minor salivary gland? |
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Definition
| minor are smaller and have unamed ducts |
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Term
List the locations of the minor salivary glands. |
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Definition
| buccal, labial, lingual mucosa, floor of the mouth |
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Term
Discuss von Ebner’s salivary glands. |
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Definition
| produces serous fluid. come from circumvallete papillae |
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Term
Explain the development of the salivary glands. |
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Definition
6th and 8th week of prenatal development. buds of ectodermal lining from primitive mouth. buds grow into messenchyme producing acini and duct system.
parotid - 6th week - secretes - 18 weeks
submandibular - 6th week - 16 weeks secretion
sublingual - 8th week - secretion 24-35th week |
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Term
Discuss xerostomia, mucoceles, ranulas, and nicotinic stomatitis. |
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Definition
xerostomia - dry mouth
mucoceles - cyst within the gland
ranula - cyst or stone blocking duct
nicotinic stomatitis - whitened palate from hyperkeratinization - caused from heat or tobacco use |
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Term
Describe the location and function of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. |
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Definition
thyroid - inferior to thyroid cartilage. Produces thyroxine (stimulates metabolic rate)
parathyroid glands - 4-8 small endocrine glands 2 on each side of thyroid. |
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Term
Outline the histology of the thyroid gland. |
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Definition
| follicles consist of simple cuboidal epithelium. thyroid covered in connective tissue. |
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Term
Discuss the development of the thyroid gland. |
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Definition
| first endocrine gland to arrive. comes from endoderm invaded by messenchymal cells. 24th day of prenatal development. |
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Term
Explain the appearance and ramifiations of a goiter. |
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Definition
| enlarged thyroid glands. firm and tender when palpated and contains hard masses. |
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Term
What are the lymphatics, and what is their function? |
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Definition
| part of the immune system. help fight diease |
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Term
Describe the lymphatic system. |
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Definition
| network of lymphatic vessels linking lymph nodes throughout the body. Tonsillar tissue in oral cavity and pharynx is also part of lymphatic tissue |
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Term
What is a lymph node, and what is its function? |
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Definition
| bean shaped bodies grouped in clusters along connecting lymph vessels, positioned to filter toxic products from the lymph to prevent entry into the blood stream |
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Term
Outline the anatomy of a lymph node. |
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Definition
| come in through afferent vessels. consists of lymphatic nodules, trabeculae, germinal center, capsule, and out the efferent vessel |
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Term
Describe the histology of a lymph node. |
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Definition
| organized lymphoid tissue. surrounded by connective tissue called trabeculae. |
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Term
How did lymph nodes develop? |
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Definition
| develop from blood vessels by a process of budding and fusion of isolated mesenchymal cells |
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Term
What are tonsillar tissues, and where are they located? |
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Definition
| nonencapsulated masses of lymphoid tissue. lamina propria of oral mucosa. |
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Term
What is the function of tonsillar tissues? |
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Definition
| remove toxic products. 1st line of defense. in air and food passage ways. |
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Term
Name the three intraoral tonsillar tissues and discuss their histology. |
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Definition
Palatine tonsils - fused together lymphatic nodules that have germinal centers. 10 - 20 invaginations or crypts.
Lingual tonsils - lymphatic nodules - 1 crypt
Pharyngeal tonsil - behind uvula |
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Term
What are the clinical considerations concerning lymph nodes? |
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Definition
| lymphadenopathy - increased size in cell when patient is sick or has a disease. |
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Term
Outline the anaotmy of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. |
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Definition
| nasal cavity, nares(nostrils), nasal septum, nasal conchae |
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Term
Describe the histology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. |
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Definition
| lined with respiratory mucosa. consists of psuedostratified columnar epithelium with cilia - contains goblet cells |
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Term
Explain the development of the paranasal sinuses. |
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Definition
max sinus - small at birth fully grown when teeth come in.
ethmoid - few present |
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Term
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Definition
| nasal cavity and paranasal sinus inflamation and space congested with mucous |
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Term
Why does sinusitis need to be considered in a differential diagnosis of maxillary tooth pain? |
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Definition
| maxillary teeth are close and sit on the teeth therefore causing pain. |
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