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| In which type of cell signaling do DIFFUSABLE PROTIENS travel |
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| Causing a group of cells to change their fate |
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| In what type of cell signalling are NON-DIFFUSABLE factors used over SHORTER distances. |
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Which cell signalling uses GAP JUNCTIONS? |
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| FGF, Wnt, Hedghog, and TGF b are exampoles of ______ signalling molecules. |
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| Which cell signalling acts via TRANSDUCTION pathways? |
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| Which cell signalling uses LIGANDS SECRETED by the extracellular matrix to commmunicate with adjacent cells? |
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| Glands and teeth are derived from _____. |
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| Melanocytes are from the ___ ____. |
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| When the baby comes out, it is covered in a cottage cheese like substance called ____ ______. |
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| The purpose of the vernix caseosa is to protect the baby from _____ _____. |
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| With increased amounts of ultraviolet light more ______ is produced. |
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| The word melanin comes from the greek word melas meaning _____. |
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| The dermis devlops from what? |
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| What is the upper part of the dermis called, which forms the DERMAL PAPILLAE? |
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| Melanocytes produce _____. |
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| What is the lower layer of the dermis called that contains the fat deposits; also called HYPODERMIS in adults. |
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| _______al cells form the mesoderm and later the dermis. |
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| What come from interactions between the epidermis and the dermis |
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| What is the name for hair grease? |
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| _____ are the most common types of sweat glands. |
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| _____ are found mostly in the axilla and pubic regions. |
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| The ducts of the small ______ glands open up into hair follicles. |
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| Excessive hair; localized or general |
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| Which myotomes make up the mm. of the eye? |
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| Which myotomes make up the mm. of the TONGUE, MASTIFICATION, and FACIAL EXPRESSION. |
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| The paraxial mesoderm, or the somites, are on either lateral side of the what? |
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| Somites form the mm. of the ____ and _____. |
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| _____ mesoderm forms the cardiac mm and smooth m associated with viscera. |
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| _____ mesoderm forms the smooth muscles of blood vessels |
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| MYOBLASTS fuse to form multinucleate _______. |
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| _____ colored fibers are FAST TWITCH. |
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| ______ colored fibers are SLOW TWITCH. |
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| T or F: INNERVATION is essential for m development? |
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| MM for the IRIS develop from _______. |
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| T or F: Myoblasts are developed from MESENCHYME. |
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| MESENCHYME of the HEAD is derived from the _____ _____. |
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| The formation of limbs from myotomes begins in week ____. |
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| Which division of the myotome forms the extensor mm of the neck and back? |
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DORSAL or EPIMERE ...remember: these are the few things formed from dorsal myotomes, everything else is VENTRAL, or HYPOMERE. |
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Damage to sternocleidomastoid m aka WRYNECK. |
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| Smooth m is mostly formed from the _____ mesoderm. |
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| only a little bit of smooth m is formed from the ______ mesoderm. |
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| Cardiac m is formed from _______ mesoderm. |
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| T or F: Myoblasts of cardiac m have striations and fuse together. |
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| F: Myoblasts have striations and DO NOT fuse together. |
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Definition
| Embrionic Connective Tissue |
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| The ____ of the neurocranium is formed by intramembranous ossification. |
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| The _____ of the neurocranium is formed by endochondral ossification. |
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| The part of the mesodermal somite contributing to the development of the vertabrae and ribs. |
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Bunch of cells in embryo indicating first trace of an organ or structure. ....comes from L primus=first, L exORDIUM="to begin" |
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| What are the three subdivisions of somite development? |
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Definition
The -TOMES, -Sclerotome --remember means BONE, most difficult one. -Dermatome -Myotome |
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| According to the book, how many primary ossification centers are there during embyoinic vetrabral bone formation? How many are there by the end of the embryonic period? |
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The frontal, parietal, and part of the occipital bones are formed by the a.) Vault of neurocranium b.) Vault of viscerocranium c.) Base of neurocranium d.) None of the above |
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Definition
A.) Vault of the NEUROCRANIUM; ...there is no vault on the viscerocranium, only the face. Visero- comes from L viscus, meaning "flesh", the fleshy part of the skull is the face. Viscerocranium makes up the face. |
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The pharayngeal arches can be found on .... a.) nuerocranium b.) viscerocranium c.) niether |
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| Which part, the base or vault, of the nuerocranium cane the ETHMOID, SPHENOID, BASE OF OCCIPITAL, AND PETROUS PORTION OF TEMPORAL BONE? |
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Definition
BASE; ...all those things form the "base" of the skull. |
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| What is produced from the pharyngeal arch II? |
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| STYLOID and STAPES, and a little hyoid bone. |
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| What form from the COSTAL processes of the thoracic vertabrae? |
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| What forms from the somatic mesoderm of the ventral body wall? |
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| What determines arm length? |
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AER, apical ectodermal ridge |
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| What determines order of digits? |
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Definition
| ZPA, zone of polarizing activity |
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| In bones that form by endochondral development, cartilage appears when? |
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| In bones that form by endochondral development, ossification begins when? |
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| Which grow faster, upper or lower limbs? |
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| True or false: The upper limbs rotate 90 degress medially. |
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| FALSE, they rotate 90 degrees laterally. think UL, |
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| What is it called when the cranial vault is incomplete; ie anencephaly? |
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| What is it called when the sutures of the skull close prematurely? |
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CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS ...look for the "SYN" b/c the sutures "come together". |
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| What is it called when the skull is small due to failure of brain to grow? |
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| What is it called when there are a reduced # or cervical vertebraie; and/or others are fused or abnormal? |
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| What is another name for "cleft vertebra"? |
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| What is it called when you have extra digits? |
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| What is it called when the foot is adducted and plantar flexed? |
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| Congenital hip dislocation is more prevalent in males or females? |
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| Dwarfism is a form of ________. |
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