Term
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Definition
Epimere Innervated by dorsal rami
forms intrinsic back muscles. MYF5 main
Hypomere is innervated by ventral rami .Ab wall muscles. Myo-d main |
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Term
| Molecular control of somite patterning |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Neurocarnium: Encases the brain
A. membranous neurocranium(flat bones)
B. Cartilaginous neurocranium.
b. Chondrocranium=base of skull
From Neural crest and somitomeres
Viscerocranium: Face
Entirely neural crest |
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Term
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Definition
Many are due to mutations in FGFRs
Scaphocephaly -> sagital suture
Bracycephaly -> coronal suture |
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Term
| Hox genes determinging limb bud foramtion |
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Definition
Position along body axis specified by HOX genes.
Forelimb: TBX5
Hindlimb: TBX4 |
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Term
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Definition
| Rounds of cell death in AER create digits |
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Term
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Definition
Thalomide causes absence or deformity of long bones.
Meromillian: Hands directly on shoulders( no arms |
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Term
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Definition
Induction of the cardiogenic field is done by BMP 2,4. WNT and NKX2.5
Splanchnic mesoderm
Lateral folding forms a single tube with aortic and venous poles.
Heart sits on septum transversum |
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Term
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Definition
Ventricles descend and atria move up
Nodal and left upregulate PITX2
NKX 2.5 upregulates Hand 1 and Hand 2
Hand1: Left ventricle
Hand2: Right ventricle |
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Term
| Right and Left Sinus horn |
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Definition
Left sinus horn forms coronary sinus and oblique veins.
Right sinus horn forms IVC at right atrium |
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Term
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Definition
| Neural crest cells Migrate and help form conotruncal septum |
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Term
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Definition
Ductus venosus: bypass liver
Foramen Ovale: bypass right ventricle
ductus arteriouses: bypass lungs |
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Term
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Definition
ASD: Excessive resorption of septum primu
Absense of septum secundum
VSD: 80% muscular 20%membranous
Tetrology of Fallot: VSD and spiral outflow formation problems.
Overriding Aorta, hypertrophy of R.V>
pulmonary stenosis |
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Term
| Persistant Truncus Artenious and gene mutations |
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Definition
Truncus arteriouses: spiral does not happen, retains common outflow
NKX2.5: ASD or Tinman
TBX |
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Term
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Definition
3: carotid
4L: Aorta
4r: subclavian
6: pulmonary |
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Term
| Vitteline vessel derivitives |
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Definition
Celiac, SMA, IMA = Vitelline arteries from the yolk sac.
Vitelline veins are incorporated into growing liver.
Anastomosic veins around duodunem form the portal vein(vitelline v + umbilical)
Liver grows out |
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Term
These develop into:
Supracardinal v
Subcardinal v
sacrocardinal v |
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Definition
Supracardinal v = Azygous
Subcardinal -> hepatic renal veins
Sacrocardinal -> Iliac veins |
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Term
| Hemolytic Disease of newborns |
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Definition
Maternal antibodies against fetal RBC's
Triggered by Rh antigen.
Baby Rh+
Mother Rh- |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Villi: Projection of material(cryptotropblast)
Secondary: Mesenchyme
Tertiary: Mesenchyme and embryonic b.v. |
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Term
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Definition
Week 4: Synctium, Cryptotrophoblast, C.T., Endothelium
Month 4: synctium, Endothelium |
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Term
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Definition
Decidual basalis function layer of maternal blood supply
Chorion frondosum function layer of embryo |
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Term
| Formation of blood supply to fetus |
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Definition
Synctiotrophoblast forms lacunae
Lacunae become infiltrated by maternal blood from spiral arteries
Cryptotrophoblast form villi which surround lacunae.
Villi become infiltrated by fetal blood |
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