Term
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Definition
Ectoderm germ layer folds to create the neural plate
Neural plate folds on itself to form neural tube. |
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Term
| Caudal Dysgenesis (mermaid syndrome) |
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Definition
| Not enough mesoderm in caudal part of body |
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Term
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Definition
SHH forms motor
BMP is sensory |
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Term
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Definition
Cranial(anterior) neruopore: Failure to close -> anecephaly
Caudal(posterior) neuropore: Spina Bifida (meningocele) |
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Term
| Prevention of Neural Tube Defects. NTDs |
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Definition
400ug/day, starting 3 months prior to conception
4000ug a day if there is a history of NTDs
Prevents 70% of NTDs |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral folding turns the yolk sac into the gut tube. |
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Term
| Ventral Body wall Defects |
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Definition
Ectopia Cordis: Heart is abnormally located
Gastroschisis: Protrusion through the abdominal wall by intestinal contents.
Bladder and Cloacal extrophy: mesodermal migration inhibited. Bladder and cloacal extend outside body wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form vertebrae and most of skull.. Part of somites |
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Term
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Definition
| Forms sclerotome and dermomyotome. |
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Term
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Definition
Apical Ectodermal Ridge produces FGF, which causes adjacent mesenchymal cells to remain rapid growing and undifferentiated.
ZPA. Zone of polarizing activity
Produces retinoic acid -> SHH
SHH establishes anterior/posterior axis of limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Two Zpa result in symetrical hand. |
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Term
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Definition
Neural Crest - Anterior skull: Frontal sphenoid, and squamous temporalis.
Hyoids
Paraxial mesoderm(posterior skull):
Parietal, pet. temporalis, occipitals. |
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Term
| Bone derivitives of the Archs |
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Definition
1: Malleus, Incus Meckels cartiladge
2: Stapes, styloid process, lesser horn of hyoid
3: greater horn of hyoid
4: thyroid cartilage
6: cricoid cartilage |
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Term
| Pharyngeal Arch Nerve and muscles |
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Definition
1: CN V(trigeminal) Mastication muscles
2: CNVII Facial Nerve: Facial expression
3: CN IX(Glossopharyngeal) stylopharyngeus
4/6: CN X(Vagus) Cricothyroid, Intrinsic muscles of larynx |
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Term
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Definition
Prechordal Chondrocranium: Neural Crest
Chordal Chonodrocranium: Paraxial mesoderm
Intramembranous ossification |
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