Term
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Definition
Second most common bacterial disease.
Most common bacterial infection in women.
E coli is the bacteria responsible for most urinary tract infections in women and children (80%). Teach proper technique of hygiene ( wiping front to back) in all females |
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Term
| important UTI prevention teaching |
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Definition
| Teach emptying of bladder soon after sexual intercourse. |
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Term
| T/F menopause increases risk of UTI |
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Definition
| increases the risk of a urinary tract infection. Decreased estrogen allows for drying of the mucosa of the GU tract and may produce hematuria in some menopausal women. |
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Term
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Definition
Most common cause is bacterial infection but viruses, fungi and protozoa sometimes infect the kidney
most commonly begins in low UTI
A pre-existing factor is often present (vesicoureteral reflux, BPH, changes in the urinary system related to pregnancy, a stricture or a stone, or long-term indwelling foley catheters |
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Term
| acute polynephritius symptoms/ tx |
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Definition
same as UTI
Improvement should be seen within 72 hours of initiation of medications. Patients may be hospitalized initially for treatment |
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Term
| acute glomular nephritius |
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Definition
| Can be the result of several causes including damage occurring from individuals with systemic lupus or other autoimmune disorders or in children and young adults the most common cause occurs after a streptococcal infection in the body |
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Term
| climical manifestations of acute glomular nephritius |
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Definition
Generalized body edema as the result of decreased glomerular filtration.
Hypertension secondary to increased extracellular fluid volume.
Hematuria and proteinuria |
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Term
| tx for glomner nephritius |
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Definition
Finish all of antibiotic medications.
Rest
Sodium, fluid and protein restrictions.
Diuretics
Antihypertensive medications |
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Term
| acute polysystic kidney disease |
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Definition
| Generally no early symptoms until cysts begin to enlarge and may rupture |
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Term
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Definition
Sudden increase in intraabdominal pressure causes involuntary passage of usually a small amount of urine. May not occur daily.
Can occur with coughing, laughing, sneezing, lifting of heavy object or exercising.
Occurs most often in women with relaxed pelvic floor musculature or in women in menopause when decreased estrogen results in atrophy of the urethra. May occur in men as the result of BPH or prostate cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Treatment includes: Increasing pelvic floor structures (Kegel exercises), weight loss if the patient is obese, smoking cessation, use of estrogen in menopausal women, reduction of bladder irritants in diet ( caffeine, alcohol, chocolate, artificial sweeteners) and biofeedback. |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs randomly as the result of uncontrolled contraction or over-activity of the detrusor muscle. Seen with overactive bladder symptoms including urgency and frequency. Leakage is periodic, frequent and usually results in the loss of large volumes of urine.
Treatment includes Anticholinergic medications including Detrol and Ditropan. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pressure of urine in overfull bladder overcomes sphincter control. Leakage of small amounts of urine frequently. Can be the result of obstructions. Can be treated by catheterizations or correcting underlying problem. |
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Term
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Definition
Loss of urine from cognitive, functional or environmental factors.
Often seen in the elderly with problems of balance and mobility.
Provide easy access to facilities. May need bedside commode. Scheduled voiding regimens. |
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Term
| Renal Calculi tx / prevention |
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Definition
hydration , limit -Purines: liver, venison, pork (bacon and ham)
Oxalate: dark leafy vegetables, chocolate and tea. |
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