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| A poor solder connection resulting from insufficient heat applied during the soldering process. The cold-solder joint may act as an intermittent connection or as no connection at all. |
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| A formula invented for a new concept based on scientific observation. |
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| A formula produced with mathematics from other formulas. |
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| For any theorem in electrical circuit analysis, there is a dual (opposite) theorem in which one replaces the original quantities with dual quantities. This principle can be applied to Thevenin's and Norton's theorems. |
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| A rule that relates quantities. The rule may be an equation,, equality, or other mathematical description. |
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| Ideal (first) Approximation |
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| The simplest equivalent circuit of a device. It includes only a few basic features of the device and ignores many other of less importance. |
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| A summary of a relationship that exists in nature and can be verified with an experiment. |
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| The load current when the load resistor is shorted. Derived from the duality principle, the Norton theorem states that the load voltage equals the Norton current times the Norton resistance in parallel with the load resistance. I_N= I_SC |
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| Formula for Norton Current |
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Definition
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| Is the resistance that an ohmmeter measures across load terminals when all sources are reduced to zero and the load resistor is open. R_N= R_OC |
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| Formula for Norton Resistance. |
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| A device that has infinite resistance resulting in zero current flow through it. |
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| An approximation that adds a few more features to the ideal approximation. For a diode or transistor, this approximation includes the barrier potential in the model of the device. For silicon diodes or transistors, this means 0.7 V is included in the analysis. |
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| A device that has zero Ohm's of resistance resulting in zero voltage dropped across it. |
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| An undesirable splash of solder connecting two conducting lines or circuit paths. |
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| A derivation, in a statement form, that can be proved mathematically. |
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| A fundamental theorem that says any circuit driving a load can be converted to a single generator and series resistance. R_TH = R_OC |
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| The voltage across the load terminals when the load resistor is open. Because of this, the Thevenin voltage is sometimes called the open-circuit voltage. V_TH= V_OC |
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| An accurate approximation of a diode or transistor. Used for designs that need to take into account as many details as possible. |
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| A method of determining a circuit fault using an acquired knowledge of electronics theory and electronics measurement equipment. |
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