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electrolyte imbalances
manifestations of elctrolyte imbalances
12
Physiology
Undergraduate 2
10/21/2014

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Term
hyponatremia
Definition
muscle cramps, twitching and weakness
volume deficit, hypo-tension, oliguria
headache, anxiety, altered consiousness
Term
hypernatremia
Definition
thirst, dry skin and mucous membranes
decreased excretions, headache, restlessness, and altered consciousness
Term
hypokalemia
Definition
dizziness, muscle weakness and leg cramps
cardiac arrhythmia, hypotension, thrist, nausea, anorexia, poorly concentrated urine,polyuria
Term
hyperkalemia
Definition
cardiac arrest
abdominal cramping , flaccid paralysis
Term
hypochloremia
Definition
increased muscle tone, twtiching , weakness , tetany
shallow, depressed breathing and respiratory arrest
mental confusion
Term
hyperchloremia
Definition
metabolic acidosis
deep, rapid breathing
weakness, headache, and diminished cognitive ability
cardiac arrest
Term
hypercalcemia
Definition
enhanced neuromusuclar irritability
anxiety, irritability, seizure
muscle twitch, cramps, spasm, tetany, laryngospasm
hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia
Term
hypercalcemia
Definition
decreased neuromuscular irritability
confusion, fatigue, headache, irritability, constipation, nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmia
Term
hypomagnesemia
Definition
tetany, muscle cramping
seizure
cardiac arrhythmia, hypotension
Term
hypermagnesemia
Definition
reduced neuromuscular transmission and cell excitability
flaccid paralysis, diminished reflexes and muscle weakness
hypotension, respiratory depression
Term
hypophosphatemia
Definition
muscle weakness, termor, paresthesia
weight loss, bone deformity
Term
hyperphosphatemia
Definition
no associated manifestations
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