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Definition
- branched, short cytoplasmicextensions of the neuron cell body that convey electrical signals from another cell toward the neuron cell body
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- a single, usually quite long, cytoplasmic extension from the neuron cell body, which conveys electrical signals away from the cell body and to other cells
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- a fatty whitish substance that accelerates the trasmision of electrical signals
- covers most axons
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Term
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Definition
- negatively charged ions such as chloride or many proteins
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Definition
- positively charged ions such as sodium and potassium
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Term
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Definition
- different numbers of anions and cations on either side of the cell membrane
- exists in every cell and is the basis of electrical communication
- exists at the cell membrane
- it is a source of potential energy
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Term
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Definition
- always open
- allow ions to "leak" in or out of the cell down a concentration or electrical gradient
- lots of potassium leak channels
- few sodium leak channels
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Term
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Definition
- Open in response to a specific chemical signal- a ligand
- convert chemial signal (the ligand) into an electrical signal (a change in membrane potential)
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Definition
- open in response to change in membrane potential
- are responsible for long-distance electrical signals
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Definition
- a change that reduces the strength of the electrical gradient= that makes the cell's interior less negative
- from -70 to -40 is partial
- from -70 to 0 is complete
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Definition
- change that makes the cell's interior even more negative
- a change that increases the strength of the electrical gradient
- -70 to -80
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Term
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Definition
- change in the electrical gradient that returns a cell to its original resting membrane potential
- returns to -70
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Term
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Definition
- short-lived changes in membrane potential that work locally over a small region of cell membrane or cytoplasm
- most common cause is the opening of a ligand-gated potential
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