Term
|
Definition
humeroulnar
humeroradial
proximal radioulnar |
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Term
| elbow jt: structural classification |
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Definition
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Term
| elbow jt: sagittal movement |
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Definition
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Term
| elbow jt: axial and planar characteristics |
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Definition
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Term
| radioulnar jt: structural classification |
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Definition
proximal (synovial pivot)
middle (syndesmosis)
distal (synovial pivot) |
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Term
| radioulnar jt: transverse plane movemetns |
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Definition
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Term
| radioulnar jt: axial and planar characteristics |
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Definition
| uniaxial and uniplanar characteristics |
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Term
| articulating surfaces of humerus: |
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Definition
trochlea
trochlear groove
coronoid fossa
capitulum |
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Term
| articulating surfaces of humerus: which is the medial portion and which is the lateral portion. trochlea, trochlear groove |
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Definition
trochlea is medial
trochlear groove is lateral to the trochlea |
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Term
| articulating surfaces of humerus: what makes up the valgus angulation/carrying angle |
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Definition
| the medial portion of the trochlea sits more distal to the lateral aspect |
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Term
| articulating surfaces of humerus: what sits above the trochlea |
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Definition
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Term
| articulating surfaces of humerus: the coronoid fossa recieves what |
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Definition
| coronoid process of the ulna |
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Term
| articulating surfaces of humerus: capitulum form parts of what articulation |
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Definition
| humeroradial articulation |
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Term
| articulating surfaces of humerus: what separates the capitulum and the trochlea |
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Definition
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Term
| articulating surfaces of the proximal ulna/radius: |
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Definition
| trochlear notch trochlear ridge radial head |
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|
Term
| articulating surfaces of the ulna/radius: trochlear notch and ridge articulate with what |
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Definition
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|
Term
| articulating surfaces of the ulna/radius: what forms the distal end of the humeroulnar jt |
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Definition
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Term
| articulating surfaces of the ulna/radius: olecranon process extends over what |
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Definition
| the end of the trochlear notch |
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|
Term
| articulating surfaces of the ulna/radius: radial head: what portion is concave |
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Definition
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|
Term
| articulating surfaces of the radius: what area is convex |
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Definition
| convex radial head articulates with the humeral capitilotrochlear groove |
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|
Term
| articulation of the humeroulnar is considered what motion |
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Definition
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|
Term
| rules that still apply to the humeroulnar jt despite it being considered a sliding jt |
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Definition
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Term
| surface contact of the humeroulnar jt occurs between the trochlea and the trochlear notch at what angle |
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Definition
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|
Term
| contact of the humeroulnar jt is primarily on the sides of the notch with no.... |
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Definition
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Term
| surface contact occurs between the trochlea and the center of the trochlear notch 30-120 degrees. what happens to the contact area as load increases |
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Definition
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Term
| humeroradial articulation: articulation when in full extension |
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Definition
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Term
| humeroradial articulation: what happens in flexion in terms of contact |
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Definition
| the rim of the radial head slides in the capitilotrochlear groove |
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|
Term
| elbow stability: common jt characteristic |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| elbow stability: the 3 jts of the elbow have... |
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Definition
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|
Term
| elbow stability: characteristics of the elbow capsule |
|
Definition
| loose and weak anteriorly to allow for ROM |
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|
Term
| elbow stability: what are synovial plica |
|
Definition
| thickenings in the lining of the capsule |
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|
Term
| elbow stability: what can synovial plica do (2) |
|
Definition
cause irritaiton and mechanical symptoms
become irritated d/t microtraum and repetition |
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|
Term
| 2 primary ligaments of the elbow |
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Definition
| medial and lateral collateral |
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|
Term
| elbow stability: 2 parts of the medial collateral ligament |
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Definition
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Term
| elbow stability: role of the anterior portion of the medial collateral ligament |
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Definition
| primary restraint of valgus stress between 20 and 120 degrees |
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Term
| elbow stability: the anterior portion of the MCl i overlapped by what |
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Definition
| pronator teres and flexor bundle |
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Term
| elbow stability: role of posterior MCL |
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Definition
| limits elbow extension and very mild role in resisting valgus |
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Term
| why is the ulnar collateral ligmanet (MCL) torn? |
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Definition
| high tension stops teh arms backward rotation when throwing |
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Term
| UCL injury is a result of what |
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Definition
repetitive microtrauma yielding progressively elastic (yield point) to low grade plastic deformation
not a single incident trauma |
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|
Term
| the lateral collateral ligament is composed of what 3 portions |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The lateral collateral ligament radial division is what type of articulation |
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Definition
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Term
| The lateral collateral ligament radial division resists what force |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The lateral collateral ligament ulnar division provides what support |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The lateral collateral ligament ulnar division resists what force |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The lateral collateral ligament annular division provides what support |
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Definition
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Term
| The lateral collateral ligament annular division holds what bony structure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| describe the pulled elbow injury (nursemaid's) |
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Definition
| head of the radius is removed from the annular ligament of the lateral collateral ligament |
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|
Term
| The lateral collateral ligament provides overall support against what |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| the lateral collateral ligament stabilizes what bony structure |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The LCL maintains stbility in what direction/motion |
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Definition
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Term
| the LCL secures what bone to the humerus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The LCL stops the forearm from rotating off the humerus in what position |
|
Definition
| in valgus and supination during flexion from fully extended position |
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|
Term
| isolated tears in the LCL |
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Definition
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|
Term
| injury of the LCL is most common with what |
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Definition
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Term
| axis of motion for the elbow (2) |
|
Definition
multiple ideas exist
mm activatino may play a role in the instantaneous center of rotation at the humeroulnar jt |
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|
Term
| what is the long axis carrying angle |
|
Definition
| angulation in the frontal plane |
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|
Term
| what is the purpose of the long axis carrying angle |
|
Definition
functional use of arm with external rotation of shoulder
carrying a bucket without hitting the LE |
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|
Term
| which gender has a larger carrying angle |
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Definition
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|
Term
| why do females have a larger carrying angle |
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Definition
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|
Term
| bony characteristics of the ulna in regards to shorter people and the carrying angle |
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Definition
| shorter people have a greater proximal ulna angulation and a larger flange of trochlea |
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|
Term
| Mobility is determined by what 4 facotrs |
|
Definition
type of motion (active/passive)
forearm position
BMI
shoulder position |
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|
Term
| why does musculature affect ROM in the elbow |
|
Definition
| 2 jt mmdo not have sufficient length to allow full ROM at both jts crossed |
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|
Term
| what will limit passive motion of the elbow |
|
Definition
| triceps tension (with shoulder flex) will limit elbow flexion |
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|
Term
| what will limit active motion of the elbow |
|
Definition
biceps contraction to flex shoulder and elbow
torque will diminish with both motions concurrently |
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|
Term
| Pronation vs Supination ROM, which is greater |
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Definition
| Supination has greater ROM than pronation |
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|
Term
| how does BMI affect elbow ROm |
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Definition
| soft tissue prevents complete flexion (either fat or muscle) |
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|
Term
| how does shoulder position affect elbow ROM |
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Definition
| 2 jt mm that are at the elbow and the shoulder |
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|
Term
| Stability of the elbow: when is there articular stability as a result of jt surface configuration |
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Definition
| end range flex and extension |
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|
Term
| Stability of the elbow: what is the close packed position |
|
Definition
full extension
maximum bony congruence |
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|
Term
| Stability of the elbow: what provides valgus stability at full extension (5) |
|
Definition
MCL
bony congruence
anterior capsule
Flexor carpi ulnaris
prnoator teres |
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|
Term
| Stability of the elbow: valgus stability at 90 degrees flexion |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Stability of the elbow: valgus stability injury clinical notes: must be able to differentiate what conditions |
|
Definition
| MCL inury vs flexor/pronator mass tenodnotis |
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|
Term
| Stability of the elbow: what provides stability against varus forces (2) |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: what muscle at 100 degrees flexion produces the greatest torque |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: why does biceps moment arm change |
|
Definition
| change in position of tendon to axis |
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|
Term
| Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: where is the biceps moment arm the greatest |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: what happens to the biceps moment arm outside of 80-100 degrees of flexion |
|
Definition
| not as effective outside of this range |
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|
Term
| Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: brachioradialis peak moment arm |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Muscle Moment Arms: flexors: when is brachioradlis most active |
|
Definition
higher speed activity
not eccentric or slow contraction |
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|
Term
| Muscle Moment Arms: extensors: where do the triceps have the greatest torque producing capacity |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Muscle activation patterns are affected by: (7) |
|
Definition
# of jts crossed
type of contraction
speed of motion
resistance
task demand
direction of stress
activity of other mm |
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|
Term
| Proximal radioulnar jt: is made up of what (5) |
|
Definition
ulnar radial notch
annular ligament
head of radius
humeral capitulum
radial notch |
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|
Term
| Distal radioulnar jt: is made up of what (3) |
|
Definition
ulnar notch of radius
articular disc
head of ulna |
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|
Term
| Distal radioulnar jt: articular disc (TFCC) characteristics (3) |
|
Definition
triangular fibrocartilage complex
<.5mm to 3-6 mm
source of injury |
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|
Term
| Distal radioulnar jt: tfcc injury is typically d/t what |
|
Definition
| shearing mechanisms of the distal radioulnar jt and carpals |
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|
Term
| Forearm interosseous junction: what supports the forearm |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Forearm interosseous junction: what holds the radial head in opposition |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Forearm interosseous junction: function o the oblique cord |
|
Definition
unsure
may assist in holding radius and ulna together |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Forearm motion: where does pronatoin and supination occur from |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Forearm motion: total pronation and supination ROm available |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Forearm motion: what happens with full elbow extension when you pronate/supinate |
|
Definition
| shoulder motion accompanies pro/sup |
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|
Term
| Forearm motion: what happens during pronation |
|
Definition
| radius cross the ulna on top |
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|
Term
| Forearm motion: what happens during supination |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Forearm motion: what mm trigger supination (2) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is osteochondritis dessicans (OCD) |
|
Definition
| musculoskeletal problem occuring primarily inthe maturing skeleton |
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|
Term
| OCD: what has increased the awareness and dx of the problem |
|
Definition
| increased year round particiatpin in gynamistics and baseball as well as the advent and use of high resolution MRI's |
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|
Term
| OCD: elbow structures most commonly affected (3) |
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Definition
trochlea
radial head
olecranon |
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|
Term
| OCD: populations affected |
|
Definition
upper extremity dominant sports
gymnastics
baseball
softball
javelin throewrs
sports above yield repetetive stress |
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|
Term
| OCD: repetetive stress sports lead to what early changes |
|
Definition
| early changes in the articular cartilage and stress reaction of the subchondral bone |
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|
Term
| Throwing injury: nn injury |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Throwing injury: what is ulnar neuritis |
|
Definition
| irritation of the ulnar nn in the cubital tunnel |
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|
Term
| Throwing injury: ulnar neuritis in the throwing athlete may occur as a result of what (5) |
|
Definition
valgus stress
adhesions
osteophytes
flexor mm hypterophy
neural subluxation |
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