Term
| What is the semisolid mixture of food, water, and acids from the stomach called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the liver? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the body use the nutrient fat for? |
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Definition
-insulate body/regulate temperature
-cushion organs
-steroids- chemcial messengers
-energy storage
-structural use in membranes |
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Term
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Definition
| water, urea, some sodium, excess K+ and H+ ions, drugs, and toxic substances |
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Term
| What product(s) are excreted by the skin? |
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Definition
| water, salts, and some urea |
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Term
| Where does mechanical digestion first occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a person is lacking a gallbladder, how might that person need to alter their diet? Why? |
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Definition
| Avoid large amounts of fats and oils because they won't have the extra bile to break it down. |
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Term
| What 3 things make up urine? |
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Definition
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Term
If the blood contains too little or too much glucose, the endocrine system will respond by increase or decreasing the glucose level. The endocrine system is a type of:
a) positive feedback system
b)equilibrium feedback system
c) negative feedback system
d) neutral feedback system |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the pancreas? |
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Definition
| To produce enzymes that are use for chemical digestion in the small intestine. (Lipase, pancreatic juices, insulin) |
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Term
| What are the two main functions of the kindey? |
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Definition
-Aid in homeostasis (water, salt, balance)
-Removal of urea (toxin) from the blood (Excretion) |
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Term
| Where does chemical digestion first occur? |
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Definition
| the mouth via the saliva glands |
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Term
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Definition
| A ball/chunk of food as it moves through mouth and esophagus into the stomach |
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Term
| What organ in the digestive system reabsorbs the majority of the body's water? |
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Definition
| The large intestine/colon |
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Term
| What is the function of the gallbladder? |
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Definition
| To store the excess bile produced by the liver |
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Term
| Give an example of a process your body performs that requires water: |
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Definition
-cellular respiration
-hydration reaction |
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Term
| What are the 5 main waste products removed via excretion? |
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Definition
1. Carbon dioxide
2. Excess Water
3. Nitrogen (urea)
4. Heat
5. Inorganic salts |
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Term
| Which organ in the digestive system utilizes the concept of large surface area to small volume ration to efficient function? |
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Definition
| The small intestine for absorption |
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Term
| What waste products are released/excreted by the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of a "filter unit" found in the kidney? |
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Definition
| A nephron (1,000,000,000 per kidney) |
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Term
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Definition
| The undigested remains of your ingested food |
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Term
| What are the 6 nutrients your body removes from the food you eat? |
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Definition
| minerals, vitamins, water, fats/lipids, proteins, carbohydrates |
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Term
| How does the liver play a role in homeostasis? |
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Definition
-modifies nutrients
-detoxifies substances |
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Term
| Name the three ways the kidneys help maintain homeostasis? |
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Definition
1. remove urea & wastes
2. regulate water levels in the body
3. adjust amount of substances in the body |
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Term
| What is the functional unit/ structure of the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does the body use minerals? |
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Definition
| They are inorganic; charged ions essential in pumps, active transport, muscle contractions, and nerve signals |
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Term
| What are the two types of digestion that occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many regions is the kidney made of? Name them: |
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Definition
| 2; renal cortex (outer) and medulla (inner) |
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Term
| How many steps are involving in the fluid filtering process in a nephron? Explain them: |
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Definition
1. filtration in the glomerus
2. reabsorption in the tubule
3. secretion -removal of specifics
4. excretion of urine |
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Term
| Removal of waste products from the blood stream is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 4 organs that perform the majority of excretion: |
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Definition
| skin, lungs, kidney, liver |
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Term
| What are the major organs of the excretory system: |
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Definition
| 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 2 bladder, 1 urethra, skin |
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Term
| How does the body use the nutrient protein? |
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Definition
-transport proteins in cell membranes
-essential amino acid source
-structural component in tissues |
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Term
| What physical process will ultimately move the broken down food (inside the digestive system) into the cell for usage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Excretion performed by your body removes what type of compounds? |
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Definition
| nitrogen containing wastes (urea) |
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Term
Which enzymes breaks down starches to disaccharides?
a. amylase
b. gastrin
c. secretin
d. pepsin
e. maltase |
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Definition
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Term
| List the functions of the liver: |
|
Definition
1. store sugar/glycogen to help regulate blood sugar levels
2. break down proteins to a.a. (releases nitrogen as urea)
3. produces bile from hemoglobin from dead red blood cells
4. removes poisonous substances from the blood |
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Term
| Why are the lungs considered excretory organs? |
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Definition
| they remove carbon dioxide from the body. Carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste product |
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Term
| What is another name for the digestive tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does bile do to a lipid/fat? |
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Definition
| breaks the large polymer into smaller molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Artificially filtering the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so themselves. Typically requires removing the blood from the body. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of bile? |
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Definition
| To break down fats/lipids |
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Term
| What are the four stages of digestion? |
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Definition
| ingestion, digestion, absorption, excretion |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Doctors are able to filter the blood of patients with poorly functioning kidneys. This process is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| What materials or substances are filtered out of the blood by the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the majority of chemical digestion take place? |
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Definition
| The stomach/ 1st part of the small intestine |
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Term
| What are the involuntary muscular contractions that propel food through the digestive tract? |
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Definition
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Term
| What waste products are released by the skin? |
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Definition
| water, urea, and excess salts |
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Term
| How doe the kidneys play a role in homeostasis? |
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Definition
| They regulate water balance in the body |
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Term
| Chemically, what is the result when fats are broken down? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of pancreatic juices? |
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Definition
| To neutralize chyme before it passes into the intestines |
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Term
| How does the body use the nutrient carbohydrates? |
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Definition
-undigested fiber facilitates peristalis
-energy source |
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Term
| Which organs perform mechanical digestion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of the pancreas in homeostasis? |
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Definition
| It helps maintain blood glucose level by producing insulin and glucagon. It is regulated via negative feedback |
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Term
| When a change in the environment causes body to counteract the change, what type of body signal is this called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscle controls the elimination of fecal matter? |
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Definition
| the anus/ a sphincter muscle |
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Term
| What is the function of the rectum? |
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Definition
| To store fecal matter until time of elimination |
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