Term
|
Definition
| Phenobarbital, Pentobarbital, Thiopental, Secobarbital. MOA - facilitate GABA (A) action by increased duration of Cl channel opening, thus decreasing neuron firing. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sedative for anxiety, seizures, insomnia, induction of anesthesia (thiopental). contraindicated in porphyria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dependence, additive CNS depression effects with alcohol, respiratory or cardiovascular depression (can lead to death), drug interactions owing to induction of liver microsomal enzymes (cytochrome P-450) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diazepam, Lorazepam, Triazolam, Temazepam, Oxazepam, Midazolam, Chlordiazepoxide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| facilitate GABA (A) action by increased frequency of Cl- channel opening. most have long half-lives and active metabolites. Short acting ones: TOM - Triazolam, Oxazepam, Midazolam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| anxiety, spasticity, status epilepticus, detoxification (especially DTs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dependence, additive CNS depression effects with alcohol. less risk of respiratory depression and coma than with barbiturates. treat overdose with Flumazenil (competitive antagonist at GABA receptor) |
|
|
Term
| Antipsychotics (neuroleptics). MOA and use |
|
Definition
| Thioridazine, Haloperidol, Fluphenazine, Chlorpromazine. MOA - block dopamine D2 receptors Use - schizophrenia, psychosis |
|
|
Term
| Antipsychotics (neuroleptics) toxicity |
|
Definition
| EPS = 4 h acute dystonia, 4d akinesia, 4 wk akathisia, 4 mo tardive dyskinesia. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome - ridigity, autonomic instgability, hyperpyrexis (tx - dantrolene and dopamine agonists). Tardive dyskinesia - sterotypic oral-facial movements probably due to dopamine receptor sensitization; results of long-term antipsychotic use. |
|
|
Term
| Atypical antipsychotics and MOA and use |
|
Definition
| Clozapine, Olanzapine, Risperidone. MOA - block 5-HT and dopamine receptors. Use - schizophrenia. useful for positive and negative sx. Olanzapine is also useful for OCD, anxiety disorder and depression. |
|
|
Term
| atypical antipsychotic toxicity |
|
Definition
| fewer extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects than other antipsychotics. Clozapine may cause agranulocytosis (requires weekly WBC monitoring) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MOA - unknown. possibly inhibition of phosphoinositol cascade. Use - bipolar. blocks relapse and acute manic events. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tremor, hypothyroidism, polyuria (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus), teratogenesis. narrow therapeutic window requires monitoring. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Paroxetine, Citalopram. MOA - serotonin specific reuptake inhibitors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| use - endogenous depression. Toxicity - fewer than TCAs. CNS stimulation - anxiety, insomnia, tremor, anorexia, mausea, and vomiting. "Serotonin syndrome" with MAO inhibitors - hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, cardiovascular collapse. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Imipramine, Amitriptyline, Desipramine, Nortriptyline, Clomipramine, Doxepin. MOA - block reuptake of NE and serotonin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Use - endogenous depression, bedwetting (imipramine), OCD (clomipramine).
Side effects - sedation, alpha blocking effects, atropine-like side effects, 3' TCAs (amitriptyline) have more anticholinergic effects than do 2' TCAs (nortriptyline). Desipramine is the least sedating. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tri-C's - Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxicity (arrhythmias). also respiratory depression, hyperpyrexia. confusion and hallucinations in elderly due to anticholinergic side effects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heterocyclic for major depressive disorder. inhibits serotonin reuptake. toxicity - sedation, nausea, priapism, postural hypotension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heterocyclic for major depressive disorder. also sued for smoking cessation. unknown MOA. toxicity - stimulant effects (tachycardia, agitation), dry mouth, aggravation of psychosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heterocyclic for major depressive disorder. also used in generalized anxiety disorder. inhibits serotonin, NE, and dopamine reuptake. toxicity - stimulant effects (anxiety, agitation, headache, insomnia.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heterocyclic for major depressive disorder. alpha 2 antagonist (increases release of NE and serotonin) and potent 5HT receptor antagonist. toxicity - sedation, increased serum cholesterol, increased appetite. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heterocyclic for major depressive disorder. blocks NE reuptake. |
|
|
