1. The Nile River

2. The Deserts

1. It was the world's longest river

2. The Cataracts (rapids) in the South made transportation difficult but helped protect from outsiders

3. The Delta (triangle of sand, soil, and river tributaries) in the North, which is excellent for farming.

4. The Nile's current flows North to the Mediterranean Sea, yet the winds blow Sourth mostly in the summer, so transportation was easy.

5. Yearly predictable flooding left rich, fertile soil for the people to farm as the water subsisted. silt

- united upper and lower Egypt and made Memphis the capital city

- started the 1st dynasty

- Peace, prosperity, and pyramids to the pharaohs

- Theocratic dynasty

- The pharaoh was mummified and put in a carcophagus

- It came to an end when:

*extended period of a famine

*people revolted

*used too many resources