Term
| The most sensitive stage in the entire human lifespan is when? |
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Definition
| While in vitro (embryo/fetus) |
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Term
| What 3 general types of effects can occur to an embryo or fetus as a result of radiation exposure? |
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Definition
Death (lethality)
Congenital abnormalities
Long term late effects |
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Term
| When leukemia is the effect of radiation exposure to an embryo or fetus, at what age does it usually develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a child develops leukemia as a result of radiation exposure while in vitro, what type of effect is this (early/late? Stochastic/nonstochastic?) |
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Definition
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Term
| When is in vitro death most likely to occur even at diagnostic levels of radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Congenital abnormality as a result of radiation exposure in vitro is a result of what (not genetic mutation) |
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Definition
| Damage to somatic cells while fetus is developing. |
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Term
| The three factors which influence what type of damage is done to the embryo or fetus (death, congenital abnormality, or LTLE) are: |
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Definition
1. Dose
2. Type of radiation
3. Time of gestation |
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Term
| The pre-implantation phase of gestation is from when to when? |
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Definition
| From conception to 10 days after conception. |
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Term
| In mice, a dose as low as **** RADs can cause death during the pre-implantation stage. |
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Definition
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Term
| Given the relative LD 50/30 values for mice and humans, the human dose for embryonic death is likely **** (less or more) than the dose for mice? |
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Definition
| Less (than 5 RADs, the dose for mice) |
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Term
| What stage of gestation is the all-or-none effect relevant for and what does it say? |
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Definition
| During pre-implantation, exposure to radiation will either kill the embryo, or there will be no effect at all. |
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Term
| What makes the all-or-none effect true? |
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Definition
| During pre-implantation, all the cells are still identical and undifferentiated - if all but one cell is killed, the one left will still keep dividing and there will be no ill effects. |
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Term
| What is the natural incidence of embryo death (miscarriage) in the pre=implantation stage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which stage of gestation lasts from implantation through the 6th week of pregnancy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the #1 concern from radiation exposure during major organogenesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which time period during major organogenesis is the most critical time for congenital abnormalities? |
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Definition
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Term
| During what time period during major organogenesis is the developing CNS especially sensitive to radiation? |
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Definition
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Term
| During what time period are the muscular and skeletal systems most sensitive to radiation? |
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Definition
| The 3rd through 20th week. |
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Term
| What time period defines the fetal stage of gestation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the #1 concern from radiation exposure during the fetal stage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiation exposure during the fetal stage can cause these 5 LTLEs: |
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Definition
1. Diminished growth and development
2. Leukemia
3. Sterility (esp in females)
4. Increased risk of all cancers
5. Changes in physiology/metabolism |
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Term
| Leukemia is cancer of the ****? |
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Definition
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Term
| Data on leukemia development in children who were radiated while in vitro comes primarily from at study done at what university? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Oxford study shows that 1 RAD to a fetus increases the risk of developing leukemia as a LTLE as much as **% |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gender is more prone to developing sterility as a LTLE of in vitro radiation exposure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiation exposure to a baby in the fetal stage leads to an increased risk of all cancers. Females are more susceptible to *** cancer, males more to *** cancer in this situation. |
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Definition
Females - thyroid cancer
Males - bone cancer |
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Term
| What types of diseases can show up as LTLE due to radiation exposure in the fetal stage under the category of changes to physiology/metabolism (3 examples) |
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Definition
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