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smallest unit of an element |
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negatively charged subatomic particles |
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involve the formation or breaking of bonds between atoms |
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subatomic particles with no charge |
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involve changes in the nuclei of atoms |
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subatomic particles with a positive charge |
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Definition
the number of protons in an atom |
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the region surrounding the nucleus where the electrons are located |
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the small, dense center of the atom where the neutrons are located |
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a property that describes how different elements react |
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examples of physical properties |
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Definition
density, boiling point, hardness, texture, color, freezing point, melting point |
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Definition
atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons |
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vertical columns in the periodic table |
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Definition
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horizontal rows in the periodic table |
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Definition
elements with similar properties are arranged into families |
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Definition
certain properties repeat themselves at regular intervals |
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an example on periodicity |
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Definition
at the end of every row there is a gas |
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elements within a group have similar properties because of the arrangement of what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the farthest electron away from the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
1/1,000,000,000 or 0.000000001
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Term
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Definition
a factor or condition in an experiment that may change |
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Term
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Definition
variable controlled by the researcher |
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Term
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Definition
the variable that the researcher predicts that may be affected by the independent variable |
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Definition
test subjects that do not receive the experimental treatment and are exposed to normal conditions |
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Definition
compounds that do not contain carbon; includes rocks and metals |
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Definition
living or once living substances; substances containing carbon |
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Definition
solid rock beneath the soil |
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Term
parent material (parent rock) |
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Definition
the rock from which the mineral (inorganic) material in the soil formed |
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Term
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Definition
characteristics related to living organisms |
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Term
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Definition
layers of soil that have different chemical and biological characteristics |
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Definition
dead and decaying plant and animal material |
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importance of soil
(list 3) |
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Definition
-essential for growing food
-essential for plant growth and the oxygen cycle
-provides cotton and linen for clothing
-provides fuel for energy (wood, ethanol (corn), peat)
- stores carbon to help maintain a stable climate |
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Term
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Definition
heat, rain ice and wind affect the rates at which parent material is broken down and soil forms |
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Definition
plants, insects, bacteria, fungi are affected by the chemical and physical factors of the soil |
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Term
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Definition
how the landscape affects the composition of soil |
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Term
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Definition
the action of heat, cold, ice and friction breaking down rocks without changing the composition |
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Term
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Definition
chemical reactions change the composition of the rocks |
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Term
name the soil horizons in order |
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Definition
o horizon - the organic layer
a horizon - mineral soil mixes with organic matter
e horizon - somtimes found, mostly sand and silt
b horizon - dense layer full of clay
c horizon - loose larger pieces of parent material |
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Term
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Definition
a nuclear fusion in which two or more smaller atoms combine to make a bigger atom of a different element |
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