Term
| Archean Eon; 4.6 billion; 2.5 billion |
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Definition
The ___ is the oldest unit on
time scale. It began ___ years ago and ended ___ years ago. |
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Term
| Archean and Proterozoic; 87% |
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Definition
| The ___ and ___ Eons comprise the Precambrian which spans __% of the geologic time scale. |
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Term
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Definition
| The oldest rocks that have been dated are ___, which were ___ years old. |
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Term
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Definition
| The oldest dates of Earth rocks are ___ in a sandstone in western Australia. |
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Term
| sandstone in western Australia; 4.4 billion |
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Definition
| The oldest dates of Earth rocks are detrital zircon grains in a ___, which was ___ years old. |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth’s oldest know crustal rocks, were found in ___, and were ___ years old. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Earth is part of the ___; the ___ is part of the Milky Way galaxy; and the Milky Way galaxy is part of the Universe. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Earth is part of the Solar System; the Solar System is part of the ___; and the ___ is part of the Universe. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Earth is part of the Solar System; the Solar System is part of the Milky Way galaxy; and the Milky Way galaxy is part of the ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| A big explosion occurred 13.7 billion years ago called the ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| A big explosion occurred ___ years ago called the Big Bang. |
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Term
| dust particles and gases, called solar nebula. |
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Definition
| Solar system distilled from a rotating cloud of ___. |
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Term
• Heavier material concentrated towards the center
– Terrestrial planets
• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
• lighter material at the periphery
– Jovian planets
• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto (?) |
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Definition
| Describe the Solar Nebula Hypothesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| chunks of rock from the Solar System that reach Earth's surface. |
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Term
– Asteroids
– Moon rock
– Planets, such as Mars (i.e., "Martian meteorites") |
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Definition
| Meteorites include fragments of: |
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Term
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Definition
| homogeneous conglomeration of space debris. |
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Term
| shrinking due to gravitational compression |
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Definition
| Raises internal temperature to melt irons, nickel |
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Term
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Definition
– Gravitational separation
– Heavier materials toward the center forming core
– Lighter materials float outward to form mantle and crust. |
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Term
• A) Accretion
– homogeneous conglomeration of space debris.
• B) Shrinking due to gravitational compression
– Raises internal temperature to melt irons, nickel.
• C) Differentiation
– Gravitational separation
– Heavier materials toward the center forming core
– Lighter materials float outward to form mantle and crust. |
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Definition
| Three stages of creating Earth's Internal Structured Layers |
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Term
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Definition
| Magma cooled to form oceanic crust, called ___ (a type of ultramafic basalt) (4.5 million years ago) |
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Term
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Definition
| Magma cooled to form oceanic crust, called ___ (a type of ultramafic basalt) (4.5 million years ago) |
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Term
| oceanic crust; 4.5 billion |
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Definition
| Magma cooled to form ___, called komatiites-basalt (a type of ultramafic basalt) (___ years ago) |
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Term
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Definition
| Extensive magma ocean in the Archean |
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Term
| continental crust; 4.4 billion |
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Definition
Partial melting of basalt at subduction zone created first ___ (i.e. granitic).
– ___ years ago. |
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Term
1. Dense, mafic (Mg- and Fe-rich) oceanic crust dominated by basalt.
2. Less dense, sialic (Si- and Al-rich) continental crust dominated by granite. |
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Definition
| Earth has two types of crust today: ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| Today we are adapted with air that has __% oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
Earth's first atmosphere lacked ___.
– Evidence: lack of ___ iron in the oldest sedimentary rocks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Volcanic outgassing released ___ into the atmosphere. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ condensed and fell as rain to form seas. |
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Term
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Definition
| formation of hydrosphere happened about ___ years ago |
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Term
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Definition
| The oldest marine sediments are ___ years ago. |
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Term
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Definition
Having outgassed all the water early in
history, Earth has been recycling it ever since by using the ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| Having ___ all the water early in history, Earth has been recycling it ever since. |
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Term
| 3.7 billion; photosynthetic prokaryotes |
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Definition
| Free oxygen started to appear after ___ years ago when ___ appeared. |
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Term
| 2.5 billion; photosynthetic eukaryotes |
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Definition
| Oxygen was abundant in the atmosphere around ___ years ago when ___ evolves |
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Term
| 3.5 billion years old sedimentary rocks |
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Definition
| The earliest evidence of life occurs in ___. |
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Term
• An electric spark in the upper right flask simulated lightning.
• “atmospheric” gases reacted to form basic organic compounds like amino acid. |
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Definition
| Can organic compounds be generated under conditions similar to those that existed on primeval earth? Explain what occurred in the experiment? |
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Term
| midoceanic ridges; chemosynthetic bacteria |
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Definition
| Life may have also originated at ___. Nutrient-rich, heated water supports ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| The earliest organisms developed in the atmosphere which lacked ___ |
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Term
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Definition
| The earliest organisms were ___. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unlike photosynthesis, energy in the earliest organisms is produced by ___. |
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Term
| photosynthetic prokaryotes; photosysthesis |
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Definition
| After the first organisms, later evolved ___ (e.g. stromatolite) use ___ to produce energy and oxygen as byproduct. |
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Term
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Definition
Finally evolved ___ cell, which
could cope with oxygen in the atmosphere. |
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