Term
| After an accident, a friend can move but not feel his toes. The (VENTRAL/DORSAL) side of the (GRAY/WHITE) matter of his spinal cord has apparently been damaged. |
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Definition
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Term
| Sympathetic nervous system |
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Definition
- response typically takes the effector away from its steady state
- adrenal medulla is one of its subcategories
- part of the efferent nervous system
- typically has a shorter preganglionic neuron than its post |
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Term
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Definition
- includes but is more than just the classic sense of touch
- stimulus is received directly by the afferent terminals
- some of the main types of receptors involved include mechanoreceptors and nociceptors
- within the cerebral cortex, the signals are received in a spatially related pattern called homunculus |
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Term
| Myelination of an axon is beneficial because... |
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Definition
- graded potentials travel faster than action potentials
- fewer action potentials are required
- the myelin blocks the AP and aides the GP
- they increase the conduction velocity |
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Term
| An electrical signal is conducted via (GRADED/ACTION) potential between the node of Ranvier an the amplitude of the potentials in adjacent node of Ranvier are (SAME/DIFFERENT). |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- occur in excitable cells only
- cells response drives the entire process |
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Term
| How can the likelihood of passing a chemical signal at a synapse be increased? |
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Definition
- anabolizing the receptors in the post-synaptic cell
- depolarizing the post-synaptic cell
- increasing the availability of interstitial calcium ions |
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Term
| The intensity can be coded by... |
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Definition
- the frequency of action potentials
- the amount of neurotransmitters released |
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Term
| Presynaptic neurons A and B simultaneously release neurotransmitters to impact a post-synaptic neuron, but there is not response from the post-synaptic neuron. This result could be due to... |
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Definition
- A sent an excitatory stimulus and B sent an inhibitory stimulus with the spatial summation not being a threshold potential
- A sent an excitatory stimulus and B sent an excitatory stimulus with the spatial summation not being a threshold potential |
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Term
| Anatomy of the nervous system |
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Definition
- corpus callosum connects the 2 hemispheres of the cerebrum
- the gray matter is outside of the white matter |
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Term
| Why action potentials move in only one direction along axons... |
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Definition
| hyperpolarization before returning to rest |
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Term
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Definition
- reduces the number of action potentials that reach the brain
- codes for the location of the stimulus
- result of multiple adjacent neurons being activated |
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Term
| Since both parts of the autonomic nervous system use (ACETYLCHOLINE/NOREPINEPHRINE) at the preganglionic synapse, the ganglia must be at different locations so that the messages (REMAIN DISTINCT/WILL TRAVEL FASTER). |
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Definition
| acetylcholine/remain distinct |
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Term
| When a baby cries, the stereocilia at the (BASE/APEX) of the cochlea will bend immediately causing an influx of (CA+2/K+). |
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Definition
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Term
| Within the eyes, the (RETINA/CORNEA) is involved in focusing the image, and photons hit the (RECEPTORS/AFFERENTS) before the (RECEPTORS/AFFERENTS). |
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Definition
| cornea/afferents/receptors |
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Term
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Definition
- ascending pathway is to the cerebrum through both brainstem and thalamus
- input from different systems goes to different brain regions
- an efferent neuron can hyperpolarize an afferent neuron to prevent the receiving of the message
- input from the right hand is processed on the left side of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
- information gathered is only about the dissolved chemicals that bind to receptors
- includes but if more than just the classic senses of taste and smell
- within the mouth, umami receptors bind glutamate and cause a feeling of flavorfulness
- within the nose, the receptors only last about 2 months |
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Term
| The position of a sound within space is determined within the... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- uses stereocillia to register movement
- semicircular canals do not use otoliths to determine rotation of the head
- utricle and saccule are used in determining movement relative to gravity |
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Term
| Prerequisites for generation of action potential on a skeletal muscle at neuromuscular junction |
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Definition
- voltage-gated channels allowing Ca+2 to enter the somatic efferent (aka motor neurons)
- ACh being exocytosed from the neuron into the synapse
- activation of ligand-gated Na+ channels on the muscle cell |
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Term
| How a motor neuron action potential is converted into action potential on a skeletal muscle... |
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Definition
- Ca+2 enters the motor neuron
- initial Na+ entry into the muscle is ligand based |
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Term
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Definition
- there is a delay before you taste while it dissolves
- sugars are binding to receptors on your tongue
- "healthy" ones have artificial sweeteners that act as agonists |
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Term
| Massive amounts of ACh will... |
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Definition
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Term
| How myofibers can be different |
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Definition
- amount of ATPase activity
- rate of ATP use
- amount of myoglobin present |
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Term
| The perception of signals from the afferent nervous system can be impacted by... |
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Definition
- relative numbers and/or combinations of receptors that are activated
- interpretation of signals by cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
- under low light conditions, cones are less active than rods
- more than one receptor is activated when purple is perceived
- red-green colorblindness occurs when 2 pigment repose curves overlap too much |
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