Term
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Definition
-eukaryotes
-cellulose cell walls
-mostly photosynthetic, autotrophic
-alternation of generations |
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Term
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Definition
| seeds are not protected by an ovary or fruit |
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Term
| General gymnosperm characteristics |
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Definition
-naked seed
-mostly male cones produce pollen, female produce "eggs" |
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Term
| 4 divisions of gymnosperms |
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Definition
1. Cycadophyta
2. Ginkgophyta
3. Gnetophyta
4. Pinophyta/Coniferophyta |
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Term
|
Definition
-"cycads"
-seeds borne in female cones;
-pollen produced in male cones;
-11 genera; 140-160 species |
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Term
|
Definition
-ginkgos
-seeds borne in “fleshy ovules”
-1 genus; 1 species: gingko biloba
-deciduous
-dichotomous venation
-dioecious |
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Term
|
Definition
-seeds borne in “fleshy ovules”
-3 genera; 70 species
-e.g. “morman tea”; |
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Term
|
Definition
-seeds borne in female cones; pollen produced in male cones
~50-68 genera; ~550-630 species |
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Term
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Definition
| Hard wood has vessels and fibers and tracheids (angiosperms) whereas soft wood doesn't have vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| megasporophyll, ovuliferous cone scale |
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Term
|
Definition
male gametophyte
2 sperm, 1 tube nucleus
in male strobilis |
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Term
|
Definition
scale-like microsporophylls spirally arranged around a central axis
one bract at base |
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Term
|
Definition
contain 2 microsporangia
in male strobilis |
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Term
|
Definition
megasporophylls in a spirally arranged cone
bracts in between each megasporophyll |
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Term
|
Definition
spirally arranged in strobilis with bracts between each
contain 2 megasporangia ovules |
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Term
|
Definition
megasporangium
-2 per megasporophyll
-contains: integument, nucellus, micropyle, megasporocyte |
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Term
|
Definition
layer of diploid maternal tissue
develops into seed coat |
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Term
|
Definition
| break or discontinuity in the integument through which sperm enter |
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Term
|
Definition
| nutritive tissue in embryo for developing gametophyte |
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Term
| female gametophyte (gymnosperms) |
|
Definition
-develops from megaspore
-contains multiple archegonia
-1 egg per archegonia |
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Term
|
Definition
Gnetophyta
-flat broad leaves
-Dioecious |
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Term
|
Definition
Gnetophyta
-monoecious or dioecious
-"leafless" jointed photosynthetic stems
- |
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Term
|
Definition
-palmlike fronds
-dioecious
-multi-flagellated sperm
-haustorial pollen tubes
-single cell microgametophyte |
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Term
|
Definition
microgametophyte has a single prothallial cell, a stalk
cell, 2 multi-flagellate sperm and a tube cell |
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Term
|
Definition
Coniferophyta
-Cones
-short and long shoots
-sperm Not flagellated
-fascicled needle leaves
-fleshy or woody cones |
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Term
| Conifer mega/microsporophyll |
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Definition
Megasporophyll has bract at base
Microsporophyll does not |
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Term
|
Definition
modified, reduced leaflike structure
-in cones at base of sporophylls |
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Term
| Monoecious and Dioecious divisions (breeding system) |
|
Definition
Dioecious: Ginkgo, Gnetum, Welwitschia, Cycads
Mono or Dio: Ephedra, Conifer |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| evolutionary trends from byophytes to conifers |
|
Definition
-gametophyte to sporophyte dominance
-homospory to heterospory
-increasing protection of developing egg |
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