Term
What was the issue of Brown vs. Board of Education?
What was its significance? |
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Definition
The issue of Brown vs. Board of Education was that schools were racially divided into "separate but equal" facilities.
The significance of the case is that it was determined that it was unconstitutional to segregate schools. |
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Term
What was the issue in Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania?
What was the case's significance? |
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Definition
Before PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the state did not have public education for students with cognitive impairments.
The case mandated that schools have education for students with cognitive impairments. |
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Term
| What was the significance of Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia? |
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Definition
| Mills v. Board of Education of the District of Columbia declared that students with all disabilities must be given a public education, regardless of a school's financial constraints. |
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Term
What was the basis of the case of Rowley v. Hendrick Hudson School District?
What was the case's significance? |
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Definition
The basis of Rowley v. Hendrick Hudson School District was the definition of Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE). The parents of Amy Rowley, a deaf student, wished for her to have a sign-language interpreter paid for by the school. The school found this to be fiscially unsound.
Because Amy performed well in school without the interpreter, the Supreme Court ruled that the school had already met the definition of FAPE and did not need to hire the interpreter. This set a precedent that schools must only show that a student is making adequate academic progress to meet the definition fo FAPE. |
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Term
| What is the backstory and outcome of Irving Independent School District vs. Tatro? |
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Definition
A student needed clean intermittent catheterisation during school hours. The parents thought that this should be the responsibility of the school, as it is a "related service" necessary for their daughter to have a free, appropriate public education. The school considered this to be a medical issue that was out of their jurisdiction.
The Supreme Court ruled that any medical treatment that must take place during school hours and does not need to be performed by an M.D. must be done by the school for students to recieve a free, appropriate public education. |
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Term
| What was the ruling of Smith v. Robinson? |
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Definition
Schools are forced to pay for education in medical hospitals. However, they are not forced to pay the legal fees of the parents (this was later overturned).
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Term
| What was the ruling of Burlington School Committee v. Department of Education? |
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Definition
| If a school district does not offer a free and appropriate public education, then they must reinburse parents to send their child(ren) to a private school that does. |
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Term
| What was the ruling of Honig vs. Doe? |
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Definition
| Schools may not expell students for misbehavior that is caused by disabilities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Autistic Impairment/Autism Spectrum Disorder |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| Emotional Disturbance/ Emotional Impairment |
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Definition
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Definition
| Mental Retardation/Cognitive Impairmet/Intellectual Disabilities |
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Term
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Definition
| Other Health Impairment, Physical or Other Health Impairment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Speech or Language Impairment |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Severe Multiple Impairment |
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Term
| What are the four high-incendence disabilities? |
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Definition
- Learning Disabilities (LD)
- Speech or Language Impairment (SLI)
- Intellectual Disabilities/Cognitive Impairment (ID/CI)
- Emotional Disturbance/Impairment (ED/EI)
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Term
| A student who receives special education for less than 21% of the day is said to be receiving __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of time does a student in a resource room spend in special education or receiving related services? |
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Definition
| A student in a resource room spends 21-60% of the day in special education or receiving related services. |
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Term
| What percentage of the day does a student in Special Education receive special education and related services? |
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Definition
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Term
| A PT (____________) evaluates, plans, and develops intervention to improve students' _______ _______ skills. |
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Definition
Physical Therapist
Gross Motor Skills (like balance, walking, range of motion) |
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Term
| An OT (________ _________) evaluates, plans, and develops interventions to improve students' _______ _______ skills. |
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Definition
Occuptational Therapist
Fine Motor (writing and activities of daily living) |
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Term
| An SLP (______ ______ ______ ______) evaluates a student's ______ ______ ______ abilities. |
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Definition
Speech and Language Pathologist
Speech and Language |
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Term
| What was Dr. Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard's main contribution to special education? |
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Definition
| Dr. Itard worked with Victor, the Wild Boy of Aveyon. |
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Term
| What was Thomas Gallaudet's main contribution to special education? |
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Definition
| Thomas Gallaudet opened the American Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and the Dumb. |
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Term
| What was Samuel Howe's main contribution to special education? |
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Definition
| Samuel Howe opened the New England Asylum for the Blind. |
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Term
| The CEC (____ _____ _____) was founded in 1922. |
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Definition
| Council for Exceptional Children. |
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Term
| The _____ _____ _____ _____ was founded in 1949. |
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Definition
| United Cerebral Palsy Organization. |
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Term
| The ARC (formerly called Association for Retarded Children) was founded in _____. |
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Definition
| The ARC (formerly called Association for Retarded Children) 1950. |
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Term
| In 1969, Bengt Nirge created the term normalization. This term was later popularized by Wolf Wolfensberger in the United States. What does normalization mean? |
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Definition
| Normalization is the creation of patterns of living that are similar to typical patterns of living in a society. |
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Term
| In 1973, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act was passed. What does Section 504 do? |
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Definition
| Section 504 precents discrimination based on disability. |
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Term
| IDEA (____ ___ ____ ___) was first passed as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975. It was later reauthorized in 1986, 1997, and 2004. What did these reauthorizations do? |
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Definition
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
- 1986: Mandated services for preschoolers with disabilities and individualized family service plans.
- 1997: Required that students with disabilities take part in state and district wide assessments and that individualized education plans (IEPs) create individualized family service plans (IFSPs) for every student receiving services.
- 2004: Reduced paperwork and improved ways to identify students with learning disabilities.
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Term
| According to IDEA 2004, students must be placed in the least restrictive environment (LRE) possible. What does least restrictive environment (LRE) mean? |
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Definition
| Least restrictive environment means that students have the greatest access to interaction with peers in general education and general education curriculum. |
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Term
| No Child Left Behind (NCLB) passed in 2004. What was the purpose of No Child Left Behind (NCLB)? |
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Definition
| No Child Left Behind (NCLB) mandates accountability for results, based on scientific research. It also expands parent options and places highly qualified teachers in each classroom. Additionally, it mandates high-stakes standardized testing. |
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Term
| To what extent is parent participation required under IDEA 2004. |
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Definition
Under IDEA 2004, parents must grant permission for all:
- testing/evaluation
- placement
- changes in services
- Individualized Education Plans
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Term
| What three steps can be taken when parents and schools disagree about any issue related to a child's education? |
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Definition
- Mediation: A proess in which an impatial officer works with the two parties to come to a solution
- Due process hearing: A non-court hearing infront of an impartial officer.
- Judicial hearing: A court proceeding before a judge.
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Term
| ______________ is the minimum standard or benchmark expected of every student and school. |
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Definition
| Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) |
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Term
| No Child Left Behind (NCLB) allows _% of students to not take state assessments. |
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Definition
| NCLB allows 3% of students from a school to not take state assessments. |
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Term
| What is the biggest difference between Section 504 and ADA? |
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Definition
Section 504 applies to entities that receive government funding.
ADA applies to all organizations. |
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