Term
| 1.Who is responsible for overseeing NCLB? |
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Definition
| The states are responsible. |
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Term
| What are the requirements of the NCLB? |
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Definition
*Grades 3-8 are tested every year in reading and math.
oMust test students in science at least once in elementary, middle, and high school.
oNational Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) will be used to "audit" states standards and testing programs.
oAll schools are required to show "Adequate Yearly Progress" (AYP)
•Since 2001-2002 states started testing to establish a "baseline" from which AYP will be calculated.
•States establish what constitutes "basic," "proficient," and "advanced" knowledge.
•Look for achievement gaps across: gender, ethnicity, English proficiency status, migrant status, disabilities, and income.
•States determine how to get all students to the "proficient" level within 12 years set a plan to raise the bar in equal increments over time, with first increase no later than 2 years into the process.
•Only test scores count for AYP, not other benchmarks such as increased attendance and graduation rates, student work samples, etc.
oStates have five years to be fully operational (meeting the above criteria)
oReading First-"scientific, research-based" reading programs for children grades K-3 and preschool
oStates must bring all students up to the "proficient" level on tests by the 2013-2014 school year. |
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Term
| What are the consequences of NCLB? |
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Definition
oFailure to make AYP for two consecutive years will put the shool on a "needs improvement" path.
oIncluding provide technical assistance
oIn states permitting public school choice, students "supposedly" can transfer from any school designated as not meeting AYP for two years or more.
oStudents in schools that fail to make adequate progress three years in a row must also be offered supplemental educational services, including private tutoring.
oFor continued failures, a school would be subject to outside corrective measures, including possible governance changes.
oLEP kids have five years to demonstrate ability in English; until then tests must be in a "linguistically accessible" format. |
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Term
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Definition
The knowledge, skills, and dispositions that students should mater in each subject.
Often linked to broader term and testing |
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Term
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Definition
| Statements that describe what teachers or students should be able to do and how well they should be able to do it |
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Definition
(delivery standards) These standards attempt to recognize and respond to individual differences and circumstances.
Poorer learners in schools with few resources should receive more appropriate and adequate learning opportunities
if students need more time to take tests it should be provided |
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Term
| What philosophy is the Child Development Lab based on? |
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Definition
EXISTENTIALISM
oChildren learn through their play
o"Each child is unique and the protagonist of his or her own growth. Children desire to acquire knowledge, have much capacity for curiosity and amazement, and yearn to create relationships with others and communicate" –Loris Malaguzzi
oCreativity becomes more visible when adults try to be more attentive to the cognitive processes of children than to the results they achieve in various fields of doing and understanding
oIf nature has demanded that of all the animals, infancy shall last the longest in human beings-it is because nature knows how many rivers there are to cross and paths to retrace
oNature provides time for mistakes to be corrected (both by children and adults), for prejudices to overcome, and for children to catch their breath and restore their image of themselves, peers, parents, teachers and the world.
oThe central act of adults is to activate, especially indirectly, the meaning-making competencies of children as a basis of all learning
oAdults must try to capture the right moments, and then find the right approaches, for bringing together, into fruitful dialogue, their meanings and interpretations with those children.
oCDL believes it is the relationships that are formed in a carefully planned environment that create opportunities for learning- a curriculum- that is unique to a particular group of learners in a particular place and time-like no other |
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Term
| What problems does Early Childhood Education face? |
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Definition
oStruggles to gather a fragmented system
oStruggles to validate early childhood educators as real teachers
oStruggles to balance quality
oStruggles to offer equal access to all
oStruggles to retain our beliefs about children in an increasingly standards based profession
oIssue of the Knowledge gap |
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Term
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Definition
-Parents actively foster and assess child's talents, opinions, and skills
-children are in multiple activities orchestrated by adults
-language: use reasoning, extended negotitations between parents and children
-within institutions parents will intervene
-Emerging sense of entitlement |
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Definition
-Parents are trying to provide survival, physical care
-children hang out with kin
-language: rare questioning or challenges, very directive
-depend on institutions and feel powerless
-Emerging sense of constraint |
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Definition
| is learnings that are not always intended, but emerge as students are shaped by school culture. Behaviors. Outcomes are any form of punishment. |
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Definition
| arranges experiences so intended outcomes are reached. Textbooks. Outcomes tests. |
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Term
| What is the role of global education in teacher training and curriculum |
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Definition
-foreign language and information about other cultures
-status standards prevent broadening curriculum into global perspective |
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Term
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Definition
-more permanent
-rigid
-bad consequences if on a bad track |
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Term
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Definition
-transitory
-common practice based on student ability and can vary by subject |
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Term
| two major purposes of schooling? |
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Definition
1) transmitting society's knowledge and values***(passing the cultural baton)
2) restructure society(schools as a tool for change)
- transmitting society's knowledge and values is more important
broad goals of education, according to John Goodlad |
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Term
| Broad goals of education according to Goodlad? |
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Definition
Academic
Vocational
Social/civic
Personal |
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Term
| First Wave (Raise the standards) |
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Definition
1983: was kicked off by Nation at Risk- was led by politicians and business leaders
- brought up educational issues such as, rapid growth of state tests, standards, efforts to identify weak performing students, teachers, and schools
-viewed school reform in terms of national defense and economic competition |
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Term
| Second Wave (restructure the school) |
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Definition
| led by educators- stressed the need for basic reform of school practices- thought students should cover fewer topics and cover them in more depth |
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Term
| Third Wave (Comprehensive services) |
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Definition
| Recognizes that struggling families are unlikely to possess the time and resources required to ensure high-quality education - advocates full service schools- schools that provide social services from nutrition and health care to parental education and transportation all designed to support the comprehensive educational needs of children |
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Term
| Educational Choice, and the choices available |
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Definition
private schools- home schooling, magnet schools, charter schools, vouchers, virtual schools
- magnet schools got their name because their goal was to draw students back to urban areas
-vouchers are the most controversial- takes money away from a school and is given to student to take to a different school to pay for their educational expenses- sometimes it can be given to religious schools, which causes controversy |
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Term
| Affective aspect of schooling |
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Definition
| has to do with emotional well being - think about it in terms of the 3rd wave of school reform in terms of the comprehensive services (guidance counselors, nurses)- taking care of students' emotions- affective part of school is how students feel when they are in school- p. 201 |
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Term
| What makes school effective? (5) |
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Definition
most important strong leadership
-clear vision
- safe school climate
- monitoring student progress
- high expectations
-there are things beyond the 5 factors such as, smaller classes, starting education at an earlier age, more parental involvement |
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Term
| How are US schools funded? |
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Definition
| The two main sources of U.S. funding are state taxes and government taxes. Small amounts come from the federal government as categorical and block grants. They can either come from federal, state, or local grants. Private schools you use your own money and public mainly comes from local taxes. Charter schools are half own money half government money. You can also get vouchers to go to a private or charter school which is tax money. |
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Term
| What is the difference between educational equity and educational adequacy? |
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Definition
| Educational equity relies on money. It believes that redistributing the wealth and equalizing money will improve student performance. Educational adequacy ensures that all students have the basic skills they need to be effective citizens and compete in the labor market. Some states feel that common schools should be "uniform", others believe that money is not the answer and does not relate to student performance. |
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Term
| What are the levels of school governance? Which level most directly influences teachers and students? |
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Definition
| State government (courts, governor, legislator), state board of edu., chief state school officer and state department of edu., intermediate units, local boards of edu., local superintendants and local school district central office, principal teacher parents students. The level that most directly influences teachers and students is the superintendant. |
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Term
| Who serve on school boards and what decisions do they make? |
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Definition
| Most school board members are wealthier people, people with business interests, former teachers, parents, alumni, etc. Most school board members are people who are very motivated and political and want to make sure that their money is being disbursed in the right place. School boards and chief state school officers are elected by the people, elected by the people's representatives, appointed by the governor, or appointed by the officials other than the governor. They adopt a budget, collect revenue, and make expenditures. They must balance competing interests between what it finds necessary for a good educational program and what taxpayers can afford. They are accountable to its citizenry for all its activities through a system of financial reports and audits, public and state oversight, and the election process. |
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Definition
-Controlled by individual or agency other than the government
-public funds
-usually religious |
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Definition
-Long time practice
-growing rapidly
-varies from case to case and often done for religious, dissatisfaction in public schools |
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Definition
-Choose school of choice within school system
-intra vs inter district choice
-follow same regulations of all public schools
-often chosen for conveinence and not excellence |
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Term
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Definition
-A specialized school op en to all students in a district on a competitive or lottery based system
-form of intradistrict open enrollment
-draws students back/away to urban schools (tries to get away from segregated schools) |
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Term
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Definition
-Exempt from many state and local regulations
-independent public school established and operated under a charter from the local board of school director. Charter schools must be established a a public non profit nonsectarian entity by teachers, parents, and institutions of higher education or museums |
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Definition
40 states plus District of Columbia
750,000 and growing |
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Term
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Definition
-Coupons
-most controversial
-defined as payments usually from public funds made to a parent, or an institution on a parents behalf, to be used to pay for a childs education expenses
-$ targeted for schools
-Parents usevoucher to "shop" for school
-good will thrive and bad will close because of no students |
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Definition
| broad array of knowledge and intellectual skills |
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Term
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Definition
| aimed at readiness for the world of work and economic responsibilities |
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| Social and Civic goals (JG) |
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Definition
| including skills ad behavior for participating in a complex democratic society |
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Definition
| including the development of individual talent and self expression |
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