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| a permanent change in behavior that results from experience |
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| a measureable factor, characteristic or attribute of an individual or system |
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| an attempt to find an appropriate way of attaining a goal that is not readily available is called problem solving |
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| the driving force behind all actions of an organism |
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| of the same quality or general property |
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| how much scores in a distribution are spread out from the mean |
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| students interact in in purposefully structured heterogeneous group to support the learning of one self and others in the same group |
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| a setting that is as similar as possible to the environment non-disabled students are educated |
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| the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one thing while ignoring other things (sustained, selective, and divided) |
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| the essence of this approach is to see cognition as being essentially occupational in nature (mind is the software, brain is the hardware) |
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| the opening in the middle of the iris, controlled by pupilary reflex (depending on light to stimulate movement) |
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| using reason to derive a conclusion from certain premises (deductive and inductive) |
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| thinking about thinking (explicit: conscious and factual) (implicit: unconscious and procedural) |
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| intellectual processes through which information is obtained, transformed, stored, retrieved and used |
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| a structure that recognizes a stimulus in the internal or external environment of an organism |
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| controls and coordinated most movement, behavior and homeostasic function. made up of two types of cells: glia and neurons. responsible for cognition, emotion, memory, motor learning and other learning |
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| involves two components: iconic and echoic memory |
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| the storage of visual information, lasting about a half second |
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| the sotrage of auditory information, lasting up to two seconds |
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| involves focusing on a specific aspect of a scene, while ignoring other aspects |
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| in senation, the process by which information about the quality and quantity of a stimulus is preserved in the pattern of action potentials sent through sensory neurons to the CNS |
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| the quality which can be physically touched is tactile |
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| the collection of structures and processes in the brain used for temporary storage and manipulation of information. working memory consists of both memory for items that are currently being processed and components for governing attention and directing the processing itself. |
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| the processes involved in regulating attention and determining what to do with information just gathered or retrieved from long term memory |
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| can be defined as the level of understanding of a passage or text. normal reading rates are about 200-220 words per minute with 75% comprehension |
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| shifts in the boundary between an individual's in-group and an out-group, causing persons formerly viewed as out-group members to now be viewed as in-group members |
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| refers to a way of mentally representing the world, such as a belief or an expectation, that can influence the perception of persons, objects, and situations |
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| information returned to a person about the effects a response had had |
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| the effect of inescapable positive punishment |
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| an outlook in which individuals are concerned with performance outcome rather than with performance process. for the performance oriented student, winning is all that matters |
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| an enduring mental representationof a person, place, or thing that evokes an emotional response and related behavior |
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| according to Piaget, a hypothetical mental structure that permits the classification and organization of new information |
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| a systemic approach for silving a problem that works invariably when correctly applied |
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| the ability to process information with little or no effort |
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| concluding that all instances of some kind of event will turn out a certain way because one or more in the past did |
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| a subjective feeling or emotional tone often accompanied by bodily expressions noticeable to others |
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| the background stimuli that accompany some kind of foreground event |
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| process of phonetic analysis by which a printed word is converted to a spoken form before retrieval from long term memory |
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| a comparison between two different things in order to highlight some form of similarity (shows relationship) |
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| logically self consistent models or frameworks describing the behavior of a certain natural or social phenomenon |
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| applied behavior analysis |
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| the application of behavioral science to the analysis of behavior. widely regarded as the most researched intervention in addressing the social, linguistic, and mental differences in autistics |
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| events that typically precede the target response (behavior) |
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| mostly centered around the idea of maladapted function developed early in life that is at least partially subconscious |
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| an enduring personality characteristic that tends to lead to certain behaviors (also a genetically inherited feature) |
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| the pattern of enduring characteristics that differentiates a person |
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| action or response that is directly observable and measureable |
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| awareness of the sensations, thoughts and feelings being experienced at a given moment |
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| thinking and decision making that involves short cuts |
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| occurs when people estimate the probability of an outcome based on how easy that outcome is to imagine |
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| refers to the set of practices that defines a scientific discipline during a particular period of time |
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| a change in the environmental condition that elicits a response |
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| refers to a characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language |
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