Principle of least intervention    

Rewards

1. symbolic- "cant eat" just symbols

ex: stickers, certificates, grades

2. recognition- being shown uip & singled out

ex: colored paper certificate

3.activites-premake principle

ex: recess

4. material- something to eat, pencil

ex: popcorn

Kounin’s (5) Constructs of Management

1.Withitness- very aware of thing happening all throughout classroom.

-timing (getting to problems early)

-target (make sure its the right person)

2.Overlapping- to maintain studyents attention

3.Momentum- keeping flow of ideas

ex:sesseme street

4.Smoothness- smooth transitions

5.Group Focus- keep group engaged

-both academically & behavoirally

Instructional objectives

- 3 parts of good objective

- advantages of using them

1.behavior - shows learning has occured

2. conditions of performance - type of test, essay

3. level of performance-accuracy (8-10)

results:

-teachers will well developed lesson plans could have stronger use it

-correlated with achievement gain (learning)

1.knowledge- recall

2.comprehension- interpret information

3.application- use info to solve real world problem

4.analysis- break info down then apply to solve

5.synthesis- using knowledge to create something

6.evaluation- judging based on a standar or comparing two ideas agasint one another

Coleman Report & teaching     

cloeman said- "teachers have no impact"

-wrong

-lumped all good & bad teachers together

Teaching functions

1. review
2. presentation
3. guided practice
4. feedback
5. independent practice
6. review/consolidation

Review

purposes:

1. connect current instruction with prior knowledge
2. access priod knowledge access
3. distributed practice

how:

1. ask 5 questions
2. review hw
3. have students generate questions
4. quiz

Presentation (elements of effective presentation)

clarity:

-state objectives

-provide advanced organizer

-step by step presentations

organization:

-be as exlicit as possible 

-use good modeling

-use examples (+/-)

-give students a structure for info

-explicity connect info to prior knowledge

enthusiasm:

-varied tone & pitch

-use gestures

-maintain eye contact

-move around

-use humor

-use examples

Guided practice (purposes & how to do)

When to reteach?

1. student make lots of errors
2. errors dont diminish
3. see certain kinds of patterns

Independent practice

1. get students actively engaged in learning
2. get students to practice retreving new knowledge
3. get students to use knowledge in new ways
4. overlearning (automaticiaty)

Cooperative learning

- necessary elements in CL

- focus discussion around 1 or 2 questions

-assume students are prepared

-promote students to student discussion

-periodically summarize or draw conclusions especially at the end of the disscusion