Term
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Definition
All children will start school ready to learn.
Graduation rate will be 90%
US will be first in the world in Math and Science
Students will leave grades 4,8, and 12 demonstrating competency in core areas
Every adult american will be literate
Every school in american will be free from drugs, violence, and firearms
Every school will promote partnerships to increase community involvement
Teachers will have access to programs to improve professional skills |
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Term
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Definition
1. The group norm established the level of output for workers.
2. Workers who produced too much were disciplined by the group.
3. Rate busters were physically threatened by the group
4. Increases in productivity were related to group dynamics and effective management.
5. Emplyer demands and physical environment had no affect on productivity. |
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Term
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Definition
A way of viewing schools as learning organizations.
Inputs - the school district's environment provides it with personnel, finance, and theory
Transformation - the school converts the input from the external environment to output
Output - include student achievement, teacher performance etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Staff positions have less authority and typically don’t have decision making authority. (Not in direct line) don’t have anyone underneath them. Resolve problems on lowest level possible. Chain of command – vertical, division of labor – horizontal |
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Term
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Definition
Centralization - when the Central Office retains the authority and depends on subordinates to implement decisions
Decentralization - Authority and responsibility are delegated to subordinates to make decisions. Building level staff are empowered and influence overall operation . |
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Term
| MacGregor's Theory X and Y |
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Definition
Theory X - work is distasteful, unmotivated, prefer to be directed, and coerced to achieve objectives.
Theory Y - work is play, motivated, seek responsibility, don't need to be supervised closely. |
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Term
| Argyris Maturity and Immaturity Theory |
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Definition
Immaturity - passive, dependent, shallow interests, short-term, subordinate, lack of self-awareness
Maturity - active, independent, many ways of behaving, long-term, superordinate, self-aware |
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Term
| Likert Systems 1-4 Theory |
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Definition
System 1 - authoritarian, bureaucratic, downward decision and communication, low trust and productivity
System 2 - no group discussions, decision making at the top, low trust, not as resistant as system 1
System 3 - both downward and upward communication, decision making on lower levels, high producitivity, high morale
System 4 - complete participation, upward and downward communication, trust and confidence |
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Term
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Definition
Nomothetic - institution, role, role expectations; normative part of social system
Idiographic - individual, personality, need dispositions; personal side of social system |
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Term
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Definition
shared philosophies, beliefs, feelings, expectations, attitudes, norms, and values that are characteristic of the organization
Formal culture - expected
Informal culture - actual |
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Term
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Definition
total environmental quality within an organization
Open - energetic, lively, moving towards goals, leadership emerges from both leader and members, feeling of satisfaction
Closed - high degree of apathy, not moving towards goals, low morale and stagnant |
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Term
| School Climate Assessment |
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Definition
OCDQ - measures open to closed climate, studies show focus on adults, not used to measure effect on student achievement
CASE - measures data about perceptions, all stakeholders complete surveys, data may be useful in preparing school reports
CPI - measure humanistic to custodial; boss management versus lead management; quality in academics and athletics |
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Term
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Definition
learning through cooperative interaction
self-discipline is norm
democratic
open communication
students and teachers accept responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
rigid and highly controlled
students perceived as irresponsible and undisciplined
behavior controlled through sanctions
impersonal and mistrustful
downward communication
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Term
| Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory |
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Definition
Level 1 - Physiological needs; the basics
Level 2 - Safety; freedom from fear of physical and psychological danger
Level 3 - Love and Belonging Needs - need to belong and be accepted
Level 4 - Esteem needs; self-esteem and recognition from others
Level 5 - Self-actualization - maximize one's potential |
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Term
| Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory |
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Definition
policies and administration - achievement
supervision - recognition
working conditions - work itself
interpersonal relations - responsibility
money, status, and security - advancement
EXTENDED MASLOW'S HIERARCHY
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Term
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Definition
| called collective leadership; group, shared, or teacher leadership focuses on the decision making process of the group |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on the functions, tasks, and behaviors of the leader. Management of the day to day routines in an organzation. |
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Term
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Definition
authoritarian - no group input at all. Complete control by leaders
democratic - complete group work between the subordinates and the leader
laissez-faire - no control by leader at all. Chaos
Subordinates preferred democratic.
Democratic - long term
Authoritarian - short term |
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Term
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Definition
| initiating structure - focuses on organization performance goals, communicate standards, emphasis on deadlines, evaluate performance consideration - concern for the welfare of subordinates, listeners, treats all staff as equals, and frequently uses emplyee ideas and suggestions. |
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Term
| Hershey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership styles |
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Definition
| Three dimensions - Relationships oriented, Task oriented, and maturity level of followers. |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on leaders who have had exceptional impact on their organization. This is rare in society. Motivate their subordinates to achieve more than expected. Get followers to transend their self-interest for the sake of the organization. Raise followers need levels to higher order needs, such as self-actualization. |
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Term
| Situational Leadership Styles |
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Definition
Directing Style - first year teachers Q1
Coaching Style - non-tenured second and third year teachers Q2
Supporting Style - supporting teachers when they come up with excellent ideas and helping them implement them Q3
Delegating Style - deparmental chairs working on school improvement Q4 |
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