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Ed210 Midterm
Terms to know for 10/17/12 Midterm
29
Education
Undergraduate 2
10/15/2012

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Cards

Term

Action

Definition

Critical transformation in which individuals and groups engage in actions to reduce and ultimately eliminate inequity in society.

  • Goal is to work toward EQUITY in society NOT EQUALITY!
  • Occurs on a continuum
  • Multiple levels individual, cultural, institutional similar to levels of oppression
  • Gradual and immediate results
  • Individual and collective (group) effort
  • Address a particular type of oppression or multiple types
    i.e. just focus in sexism but also could focus on sexism and racism
Term

Collusion

Definition
going along with system of oppression consciously or unconsciously.
Term

Cultural Imperialism

Definition

One of the Five Faces of Oppression by Young (2010):

Valuing and enforcing the dominant group’s values and characteristics.

Some Characteristics:

  • Discouraged/prevented from cultural practices
  • Change of appearance/behavior
Term

Discrimination

Definition

Active component of prejudice or applying prejudice beliefs into action and denies people and social identity groups to equal participation in society.

  • Occurs on multiple levels: individual, cultural, institutional.
  • Can be intentional and conscious as well as unconscious and unintentiona
Term

Diversity

Definition
A focus on appreciating social differences without an emphasis on power dynamics or differential access to resources and institutional support needed to live safe, satisfying, productive lives
Term

Dominant Group

Definition
Also referred to as "Privileged Identity Group" –  A social group identity that is valued, considered to be superior, independent, or “normal” and historically has had advantaged to access resources and social power.
Term

Exploitation

Definition

One of the Five Faces of Oppression by Young (2010):

Systematically transferring resources (e.g. labor-value, etc.) from one group to another.

Some characteristics:

  • not compensated adequately for work
  • poor working conditions
  • no breaks, time off, vacation, etc.
  • no benefits
Term

Identity

Definition

From Kirk & Okazawa-Rey:


INDIVIDUAL/SELF IDENTITY: the collective aspect of the set of characteristics by which a thing(person) is definitely known or recognizable;

GROUP IDENTITY: set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable as a member of a group;

Term

Liberatory Consciousness

Definition

From RDSJ2 by Barbara Love. One identifies the following four elements toward a liberatory consciousness:

  • Awareness
    to take notice of one’s behavior and attitudes as well as an attention to events and actions of others in person’s surroundings.

  • Analysis
    applying critical thinking to what is now noticed as well as making decisions on how to interpret and respond to a situation.

  • Action
    the decision and follow-through of steps that need to be taken to address a given situation on an individual or collective level.

  • Accountability/Ally-ship
    establishing a support network of individuals that will encourage and sustain one’s commitment to recognition, analysis and action.
Term

Marginalization

Definition

One of the Five Faces of Oppression by Young (2010):

Preventing of limiting people from participating in society, space, activity.

Some Characteristics:

  • physical separation
  • inequitable rules of behavior/action (marriage, voting)
Term

Oppression

Definition
A system of relationships among social groups in which “one social group, whether knowingly or unconsciously, exploits another social group for its own benefit” resulting in vast and deep injustices.”( Hardiman, Jackson & Griffin, 2010; Young, 2010)
Term

Oppression (Five Faces)

Definition

Young (2010) outlined 5 characteristics of oppression:

  1. Exploitation
  2. Marginalization
  3. Powerlessness
  4. Cultural Imperialism
  5. Violence
Term

Oppression (Levels & Types)

Definition

Hardmin, Jackson & Griffin, 2010 outlined some characteristics of Oppression:

LEVELS
• Individual (interpersonal)
• Shopping while Black
• Not renting/selling home based on sexual orientation

• Cultural/Societal (beliefs/practices/customs)
• Cinderella
• Santa Claus

• Institutional (schools, government, church, etc.)
• Gendered Sports Teams
• Gender Identity as a Medical Condition

TYPES
• Attitudes ( prejudice )

• Behaviors (discrimination)

INTENT
•Conscious/Intentional
• Immigrants & documentation in Arizona
• Title IX

• Unconscious/Unintentional
• “Do you have a boyfriend or girlfriend?”
• Columbus Day!

Term

Personal Identity

Definition

characteristics about ourselves that are typically distinct to our individual life circumstances and/or self-determined (how we see ourselves).

Relates to self-view and self-esteem


Examples:

  • influenced by a wide range of factors including:
  • personality
  • family of origin
  • birth order
  • academic or social interests
  • values
  • self-esteem
Term

Powerlessness

Definition

One of the Five Faces of Oppression by Young (2010):

Depriving of the ability to make decisions about one’s living or working conditions.

Some characteristics:

  • no voice or influence in decisions
  • unsanitary conditions
  • lack of options/choice
Term

Prejudice

Definition
holding an adverse opinion or belief about individuals or groups before having enough information or having just ground to make this conclusion.
Term

Privilege

Definition

An advantage, immunity, benefit, or access granted to an individual or group. Members of the dominant group receive these privileges unintentionally, unconsciously, and automatically.

  • “Flip side” of oppression.
  • not the same as “fortunate” or “lucky.”  
    (e.g., “I’m so privileged to not be disabled.”)  Privilege is systemic
  • Multifaceted.  Society privileges MOST people for at least one social identity.  Society has oppressed almost EVERYONE for at least one social identity
Term

Privilege (How to Recognize

Definition

Why Privilege is Hard to Recognize:

  1. Taking it personally--Remember it’s about the system in which you benefit from
    Ex: “I’m not a bad person! It’s not my fault that ____ happened. Why should I be responsible for what my ancestors did? 

  2. Believing the world is fair OR that oppression doesn’t exists
    Ex:”We have a Black president, we have come so far since the Civil Rights Movements, etc.

  3. Ignorance/ Lack of information
    Ex: “I had no idea that [insert event] happened.” “ I thought all [insert social identity] were [stereotype orprejudice].”

  4. Only comparing up, not down.
    Ex: “If women work harder, they will have the same opportunities as men.” Rather than thinking about what barriers make women work harder.

  5. Only examining one’s oppressed identities.
    Ex: A white woman focusing on being targeted
Term

Saliency

Definition

TATUM: "what identities you notice about yourself," awareness, consciousness.

Saliency applicable to dominant and subordinate social identity groups

highly situationally contextual and generally heightened in a context where one feels to be an underrepresented numerical minority within a majority 

NOT be equated with “importance” of identity.

Examples of Saliency:

  • Weight room filled with men when you are a woman
  • Gay Pride parade when heterosexual (or gay, lesbian, bisexual)
  • Christmas when Jewish or Muslim or not religious
  • Having to chosen between male or female bathroom if transgender
  • White person going to a black fraternity or sorority party
  • A person with a learning disability in class
Term

Scapegoating

Definition

association of blame on groups based on stereotypes


Ex: undocumented immigrants are taking all of the jobs from Americans
Ex: Jewish persecution during the Holocaust-blamed for economic downfall in Germany
Ex: gays and lesbians are a threat to (heterosexual) marriage
Ex: women entering the workforce is why children are having so many problems these days

Term

Social Identity

Definition
(How I see myself) One’s sense of oneself as belonging to a particular social group
Term

Social Identity Group

Definition
(How people see/categorize me) A collection of people who share a range of physical, cultural, or social characteristics within one of the categories of social identity.
Term

Social Justice

Definition

A focuses on understanding the social power dynamics that result in some social groups having privilege, status, access while other groups are disadvantaged, oppressed, denied access.

Characteristics:

  • Process and goal
  • Full & equal participation
  • Self-determination & interdependence
  • Dynamic
  • Change occurs on a variety of levels and formats
Term

Social Justice Vs. Diversity

Definition

Diversity is....

•    appreciating social differences

•    without analyses of power and privilege

•    Importance of having accurate information about experiences & background

•    Goal is appreciation and awareness

 

Social Justice is...

•    Critical of structural dynamics of social differences

•    Centers on impacts of power on social groups having  privilege, status, access denied to other groups.

•    Analysis and exploration of social systems and historical legacies 

•    Goal is understanding and analysis that results in individual and social action to interrupt and/or eliminateoppression

Term

Socialization

Definition
Learning on “how to be” one’s own given social identities as well as learning about social identities of others. Learning is passed down through conscious and unconscious messages from family, friends, institutions, media, etc. throughout one’s lifetime.
Term

Stereotypes

Definition

Characteristics or a network of beliefs become assigned to social groups by others outside of the group.

At one time stereotypes may have been true but not this truth has been distorted, take out of context or exaggerated

Predominantly negative, however some could be consider positive in some contexts
e.g. Black men good at sports
e.g. Asian people good in math and science

Term

Stereotypes vs. Prejudice

Definition
Stereotypes are: 
*rooted in ignorance, unconscious.
*the foundation of prejudice beliefs.

Prejudice is
*rooted in power, privilege, and control 
*often conscious
*used to justify or explain why dominant and target groups exist (one tool of oppression)
Term

Target Group

Definition
Also referred to as "Subordinate Group"-- A social group identity that is devalued, considered to be inferior, deviant or dependent, and historically has had disadvantaged access to resources and social power.
Term

Violence

Definition

One of the Five Faces of Oppression by Young (2010):

Acts of physical, emotional, verbal violence that threat or cause actual harm.

Some Characteristics:

  • Symbols
  • Words or language
  • Weapons, war, attacks
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