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Definition
| A psychological paradigm that characterizes learning as a process of actively constructing knowledge |
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| Individual Constructivism |
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Definition
| A form of constructivism in which individuals construct meaning by themselves from their experiences |
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Definition
| A form of constructivism in which individuals construct meaning by interacting with others within a social and cultural context |
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Definition
| A discrepancy between one's existing knowledge and a new experience |
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Definition
| A process of maintaining a cognitive balance between our existing knowledge and new experiences |
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Definition
| A process of adaptation in Piaget's theory that involves modifying one's existing knowledge or creating new concepts when new information cannot fit into one's existing thinking |
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Definition
| A process of adaptation in Piaget's theory that involves fitting new information or experiences into one's existing way of thinking |
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Definition
| Organized patterns of physical action |
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Definition
| Physical actions performed mentally |
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Term
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Definition
| Awareness that objects and people continue to exist even when not present |
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Definition
| Any form of meaningful learning which involves constructing a rich knowledge-base of inter-related concepts, prior knowledge, and real-life experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| An inability to focus on two dimensions simultaneously |
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Definition
| The understanding that quantity or amount remains the same even though appearances changes |
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Definition
| Ability to manipulate one's thinking in two directions |
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Term
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Definition
| Understanding that an object remains qualitatively the same even though its appearance changes |
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Term
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Definition
| Thinking about the world primarily from one's own physical or cognitive viewpoint. |
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Definition
| An example of egocentrism in which children talk from the perspective of their own interests and experiences without regard for the interests and conversational contributions of the listener |
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Term
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Definition
| Internalized speech for regulating one's thoughts and actions |
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Term
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Definition
| A developmental process; in Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development it occurs when an individual progresses from performing cognitive processes with a more capable person, socially, to performing them independently and mentally; in self-determination theory it occurs when an individual moves from less self-determined to more self-determined |
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Term
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Definition
| Co-construction of knowledge where two individuals who begin a task with different knowledge perspectives come to a shared understanding, each adjusting to the perspective of the other |
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Term
| Psychological and cultural tools |
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Definition
| Any symbolic system provided by culture, such as signs, language, mnemonics, concepts, activities or social interactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary social support provided by an adult or more capable peer for a child to accomplish a task |
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Term
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Definition
| An ability to use signs and symbols to represent an object |
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Term
| Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) |
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Definition
| The difference between what an individual can accomplish independently and what he or she can learn with assistance from more capable individuals |
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