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Ecosystems
Interactions among living things
25
Science
8th Grade
02/01/2008

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Term
ecosystem
Definition
all the living and non-living things that interact in an area
Term
niche
Definition
an organism's role in an ecosystem
Term
competition
Definition
the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources
Term
predation
Definition
an interaction in which an organism hunts and kills another for food
Term
predator
Definition
an organism that hunts and kills its food
Term
prey
Definition
the organism that is caught and eaten by a predator
Term
symbiosis
Definition
a relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species
Term
mutualism
Definition
a relationship in which both species benefit from the relationship
Term
commensalism
Definition
a relationship in which one species benefits and the other is not helped or harmed
Term
parasitism
Definition
a relationship in which one species benefits and the other is harmed
Term
parasite
Definition
The organism that benefits from parasitism
Term
host
Definition
The organism the parasite lives on and feeds off
Term
food chain
Definition
a series of organisms that feed of each other in succession from producer to consumer
Term
food web
Definition
a series of interrelated food chains in an ecosystem
Term
herbivore
Definition
plant eating organism
Term
carnivore
Definition
meat eating organism
Term
omnivore
Definition
organism that feeds off plants and animals
Term
producers
Definition
organism that produces its owns food
Term
consumer
Definition
organism that cannot produce its own food and receives its energy from feeding off other organisms
Term
decomposer
Definition
an organism that breaks down dead material
Term
energy pyramid
Definition
diagram that shows the transfer of energy from one trophic levels to another. Only 10% of the energy is passed on from one level to the next
Term
species
Definition
a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring
Term
adaptation
Definition
a genetic trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
Term
natural selection
Definition
the process in which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive than other members that less adapted
Term
evolution
Definition
change in a species over a period of time
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