Term
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Definition
| System of interaction among all organisms of an area and their interactions with the abiotic environment. |
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Term
| What two principal concepts are involved in the organization of ecosystems? |
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Definition
- Flow of Energy
- Cycling of Matter
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Term
| How much of the sun's energy output does the earth recieve? |
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Definition
- About one one-billionth
- ~28% reflected by atmosphere & sea surface
- ~71% powers physical processes (heating soil, air, & water; wind; ocean currents; evapoartion; etc.)
- <1% trapped by photosynthesis
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Term
| Input to Ecosystem equals what? |
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Definition
| Light energy via photosynthesis |
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Term
| Energy (potential) is stored where? |
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Definition
| In covalent bonds of sugar molecules |
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Term
| Movement (flow) from organism to organism is passed through what process? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the Trophic levels? |
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Definition
- Tertiary consumer (higher carnivores)
- Secondary consummers (carnivores)
- Primary consumers (herbivores)
- Producers (plants, algae, cyanobacteria)
- Decomposer/detritivore
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Term
| What are the Apply Laws of Thermodynamics? |
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Definition
- Energy can be transferred and transformed, but is not created or destroyed
- At transfer/transformation, energy is lost
- Low grade heat/infrared radiation to space
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Term
| Describe the process of Energy Transfer & Loss |
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Definition
- Energy enters ecosystem as visible light
- Transfers to chemical, potential, kinetic, or heat
- Loss from syatem as heat or infrared radiation
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Term
| Trophic levels: Pyramind of Energy |
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Definition
- Producer: 1000 calories
- Primary consumer: 100 calories
- Secondary consumer: 10 calories
- Tertiary consumer: 1 calorie
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Term
| Trophic levels: Pyramid of Numbers |
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Definition
- 10,000 producers: 2500 grams
- 2,000 primary consumers: 250 grams
- 100 secondary consumers: 25 grams
- 6 tertiary consumers: 2.5 grams
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Term
| Trophic levels: Pyramid of Biomass |
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Definition
- Prodcer: 2500 grams
- Primary consumer: 250 grams
- Secondary consumer: 25 grams
- Tertiary consumer: 2.5 grams
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Term
| Describe the cycling of matter |
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Definition
- Producers take up matter
- Photosynthesis
- CO2 from air + H2O from water/soil --> sugar + O2
- Movement of matter through ecosystem
- Return of matter to inorganic form
- Aerobic respiration
- sugar + O2 --> CO2 to air + H2O to water/air
- Reservoirs/stores of matter
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