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Ecosystems
flashcards
37
Science
8th Grade
03/26/2012

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Term
Ecology
Definition
study of the interactions between organisms and  their environments
Term
Biotic Factors
Definition
All of the living things in an ecosystem
Term
organisms
Definition
individuals
Term
populations
Definition
same species
Term
communities
Definition
groups of different species
Term
ecosystems
Definition
communities and their environments
Term
abiotic factors
Definition
all of the non-living things in an ecosystem
Term
water H2O
Definition
liquid necessary for life
Term
oxygen (o2) % carbon dioxide (co2)
Definition
gases necessary for life
Term
sunlight
Definition
energy source
Term
temperature, humidity, air pressure, & wind
Definition
type of weather
Term
rocks & soil
Definition
type of ground covering
Term
ecosystem
Definition
communities living in a particular environment
Term
marine
Definition
saltwater environment (oceans or seas)
Term
freshwater
Definition
freshwater environment (ponds, lakes, or rivers)
Term
terrestrial
Definition
land environment (deserts, grasslands or forests)
Term
habitat
Definition
specific place an organism lives out its life
Term
niche
Definition
role a species plays in its environment
Term
limiting factors
Definition
biotic or abiotic factors that limit the numbers of organisms that can inhabit an ecosystem (food, shelter, space, & mates)
Term
competition
Definition
the struggle to survive in a habitat with limited resources
Term
adaptations
Definition
traits (variations) that help organisms survive
Term
predation
Definition
one organism hunts and kills another for food
Term
predator
Definition
hunter/killer
Term
prey
Definition
hunted/killed
Term
parasitism
Definition
one organism lives and feeds off of another organism
Term
parasite
Definition
organism that lives off of another
Term
host
Definition
organism being lived on
Term
producers
Definition
make their own food through the process of photosynthesis (autotrophs)  all plants
Term
consumers
Definition
must eat an existing food source (heterotrophs)
Term
herbivores
Definition
eat plants
Term
carnivores
Definition
eat animals
Term
omnivores
Definition
eat both plants and animals
Term
scavengers
Definition
eat (already) dead organisms
Term
decomposers
Definition
break down dead organisms
Term
food chain
Definition
one organism eats one other organism (producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer, and quaternary consumer.
Term
food web
Definition
one organism eats several other organisms, can be found at varying trophic levels depending on the food chain within the food web (primary consumer, secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer
Term
energy pyramid
Definition
similar to a food chain but represents both numbers of consumers and the amount of energy available at each trophic level
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