Term
| What is a spingosine made of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A sphingosine with a single acyl group attached by an amide linkage. |
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Term
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Definition
the sphingosine version of phosphatidyl choline, with a phosphate-choline residue connected to the terminal hydroxyl group by an ester bond
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Term
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Definition
| they have a glucose or galactose unit connected to the terminal OH group by a glycosidic bond. |
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Term
| What is the main lipid in myelin sheath? What disorders or Sx are associated with it? |
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Definition
| Galactocerebroside. demyelination disorders i.e. Gullian-Barre or MS. Often have optic neuritis. |
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Term
| Gangliosides have ____ connected to the terminal OH group and it contains at least one ____ ____ derivative. |
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Definition
| oligosaccharide, acid sugar |
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Term
| What is responsible for ABO blood group system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lipid forms lipid rafts and what are LRs function? |
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Definition
| shingolipids and cell signaling. |
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Term
| What diseases are assoc. with lipid rafts or have defective LR? |
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Definition
| depression, Alzheiner's, HIV |
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Term
| Name 3 common eicosanoids used in the body? |
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Definition
| Prostaglandins (PG), Thromboxanes (TX) and Leukotriens (LT) |
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Term
| How are ecosinoids different from hormones? |
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Definition
–Produced in very small amounts in almost all tissues (rather than specialized glands)
–Act locally (instead of being transported by blood to distant sites)
–Are not stored
–Extremely short half life (rapidly metabolized to inactive products)
–Plasma and nuclear membranes mediate the action of eicosanoids |
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Term
| What is the essential fatty acid precursor for PG and what is it elongated and desaturated to inorder to be an immediate precursor? |
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Definition
| linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. |
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Term
| What is COX-1 made for and where is it made? |
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Definition
| required for normal gastric tissue, platelet aggregation and renal homoeostasis. made constitutively in most tissues. |
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Term
| What products induce COX-2 and what does this PG mediate in? |
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Definition
| induced in response to products of immune and inflammatory cells. mediates in pain, heat, redness, and swellinf of inflammation and fever of infection. |
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Term
| What is known to inhibit the isoform of PGH2 COX-3? |
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Definition
| ACETAMINOPHEN. yet has no effect on COX-1 or COX-2 |
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Term
| Which PGH2 isoform does Cortisol inhibit and how? |
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Definition
| COX -2, it inhibits phospholipase A2 which makes less arachidonic acid is available. |
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Term
| What is the outcome of inhibiting COX-1? |
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Definition
| Damage to the stomach cells and renal cells, (ASA toxicity) |
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Term
| When Inhibiting COX-2 isoform, what are you trying to accomplish? |
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Definition
| reduce the inflammatory process while maintaining the physiologic function of COX-1. |
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Term
| What are Leukotrienes involved in? |
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Definition
| allergic responses and inflammation. Used for treating asthma in the form of 5-lipoxygenaase inhibitor and leukotriene receptor antagonists. |
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Term
| What are 2 ways which TXA2 (produced form platelets) promotes blood cloting? |
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Definition
1) promotes the adherence and aggregation of circulating platelets
2) promotes vascular smooth muscle contraction. |
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Term
| PGI2 produced by the vascular endothelial cells does what to thrombogenesis and how? |
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Definition
Inhibits thrombogenesis by...
1) inhibiting platelet aggregation
2) stimulating vasdodilation |
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Term
| How does Asprin inhibit TXA2 (thromboxin) synthesis? |
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Definition
| irreversible acetylation (of a serin residue) and inhibition of COX-1 by preventing the binding of arachidonic acid. |
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Term
| Sphingolipidosis is inheritance autosomal recessive except for which disease? |
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Definition
| Fabry is a X linked recessive disease. |
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