Term
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Definition
| ____ is said to have received revelations from Allah which are put forth in Koran (Qu'ran) |
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Definition
| ____ was anti-socialist, anti-materialism, yet supportive of markets, and favored greater compassion for the poor |
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Definition
| ____ favored reforming the Hindu system and promoting self-sufficient sets of villages that used simple technologies. A self-proclaimed socialist and nationalist. The spinning wheel was the symbol of his movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ was a philosopher and teacher rather than a religious personage |
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Definition
| ____ advocated satisfying, but not excessive, consumption and the responsibility of the individual to achieve his own enlightenment. Most consistent with environmentalism |
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Definition
| Its kibbutz are similar to social utopias |
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Term
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Definition
| This largely pro-market religion prohibits interest on loans between its members and has maintenance of its state as a primary purpose |
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Term
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Definition
| Also open to market forces, this is based on benevolence and overseen by an educated elite |
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Definition
| The predominant religion in northern Africa and Indonesia |
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Term
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Definition
| This religion has had many varieties, ranging from supportive of medieval feudalism to pro laissez faire fundamentalism |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: The Protestant Reformation, the Enlightenment, and Adam Smith's treatise on capitalism all contributed to the American emphasis on individualism, past and present! |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Europeans, who tend to be more collectivist and mindful of harm to the environment and health, are more into risk-prevention than they are into risk-taking. Unlike the U.S., they practice the "precautionary principle" erring on the side of safety |
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Term
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Definition
| murabaha (delayed payment at inflated prices) may violate this |
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Term
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Definition
| alms, tithes and khums (forms of taxation used for redistribution) |
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Term
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Definition
| playing the stock market may be considered with this, although inconsistent with gharar |
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Term
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Definition
| mudarabah (venture capitalism-investors share in profits) is consistent with this |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: So-called "unearned" income generates more wealth for an individual than do wages. Therefore, in pro-egalitarian new traditional economies, "rightfully-earned" wages are preferred, although some unearned income is acceptable if shared and/or perhaps redistributed to create higher equality |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Historically, only Islam has prohibited interest-charging. Judaism and Christianity have always allowed interest without restrictions |
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Term
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Definition
| Following the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, Iranian banking practiced quirad. The banks acted as venture capitalists. Profits were shared in the form of dividends to the depositors who held large, long-term accounts |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Since the early 1980's in Iran, formal fixed interest on both savings and loans was forbidden as it was seen as increasing inequality in wealth distribution |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: In Muslim economies gambling and risk-taking are encouraged since such activity, if practiced by the population at large, will help to even out the income distribution, thereby lowering the Gini coefficient |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: In Muslim economies rent and interest may be fixed amounts earned periodically. Unshared profits are acceptable since the founder of Islam was a merchant |
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Term
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Definition
| Iran is a theocratic socialist economy rather than a social market economy |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: In the early 1980's, Iran's Islamic banking system eliminated interest on short-term accounts |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: President Bush's "Axis of Evil" includes Libya, Burma, and South Korea |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Iran attempts to achieve greater egalitarianism with a combination of religious concepts including taxation/re-distribution, profit-sharing, and prohibition of both interest and risk-taking |
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Term
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Definition
| as president, 1989-1997, he allowed the first post-Islamic Revolution privatizations and sought integration into the world economy. He was in office when the Iranian stock market opened in 1990. (By the way, he is currently considering running for the presidency as a moderate conservative) |
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Term
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Definition
| expropriated (confiscated) properties owned by royals and nationalized industries |
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Term
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Definition
| initially appealed to the masses as anti-imperialist and pro-elevating poor. Opposed the Reza Shah |
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Term
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Definition
| criticized for vast wealth, income inequalities, inflation and oppression |
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Term
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Definition
| as Minister of Culture, eased censorship of movies, books and music. He was forced to resin that post by hardliners who felt he was too liberal. He is a moderate cleric who currently serves as President |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| established theocracy after returning from exile |
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Term
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Definition
| must wear chador/hijab in public in Iran |
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Term
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Definition
| opposed economic domination by non-Muslims, especially by US and Israel |
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Term
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Definition
| advocated strict practice of Islamic socialism |
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Term
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Definition
| provides general work ethic, perhaps aiding in the Swedish contradiction of the equity-efficiency trade-off |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for establishing the Swedish model |
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Term
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Definition
| in power 1991-1994, advocated joining EU |
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Term
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Definition
| aided Sweden by keeping unemployment low during and after its transition from heavy to high tech industry. A prototype for retraining and relocating labor |
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Term
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Definition
| considered conservative by Swedish standards- lowered taxes and reduced welfare |
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Term
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Definition
| equalized wages across firms, based on skill and seniority |
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Term
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Definition
| a watered-down version of this eliminated the possibility that the labor union could accumulate a majority of stock in a firm. (Hint: This all but eliminated the possibility of a participatory alternative. Add text/analysis) Now rescinded. |
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Term
|
Definition
| excess tax-free profits banked to be withdrawn during recession, Keynesian-style |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Norway's oil wealth from drilling in the Norwegian Sea/North Sea has not only completely financed its expensive social safety net, allowing individuals to be freed from high rates of taxation, but has also allowed Norway to charge lower consumer prices than does the US |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Norway's social safety net includes healthcare, even foreign therapeutic spas, and some provision of transportation, such as cars, insurance and customized vehicles |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: During the late 1990's, the Norwegian Parliament became more conservative, lowering taxes and decreasing social safety net features |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Currently, numerous parties are represented om Swedish Parliament. These parties often form coalitions in order to pass legislation |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: The distribution of income and services in Sweden is strongly shaped by government via progressive taxation and a generous social safety net. The means of production, however, are owned almost entirely by the private sector |
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Term
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Definition
| Sweden is twice as equitable in income distribution as compared to the US |
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Term
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Definition
| Sweden has only a few large corporations. This is due in part to the high levels of taxation on corporate capital. Corporate income tax is over 60%, yet wage income is taxed at a maximum top rate of only 28% |
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Term
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Definition
| The Saltsjobaden agreement of 1938, signed by both the employers' federation (SAF) and the labor confederation (LO), provides Sweden's famous mechanism of collective bargaining |
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Term
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Definition
| Using the EFO model, wages were allowed to increase no more than by the combined percent increase in world prices for Swedish exports (exposed sector) and the percent productivity gain in Swedish industry (which lowered cost by this %). This helped curb wage drift |
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Term
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Definition
| Possible rationale for increases the Swedish unemployment rate in the 1990's include pampering by an excessive social safety net, acceptance into the EU, and/or a brief switch to greater conservatism in the early 1990's which interrupted the operation of the Swedish model |
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Term
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Definition
| often informs a coalition with the Social Democrats on intertemporal efficiency issues. Relatively new |
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Term
| Christian Democrats, Center party, Liberal Party |
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Definition
| "the middle party" (all those between the Social Democrats and the Moderates) |
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Term
e) All of the above
a) Center Party
b)Christian Democrats, Center party, Liberal Party
c) Green Party
d) party of the left
e) all of the above |
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Definition
| more liberal (more to the left) than the Swedish Moderate Party and more liberal than American Republicans |
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Term
|
Definition
| revisionists criticize its workers as robots in rabbit hutches |
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Term
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Definition
| educated males in its large companies enjoy early retirement and generous severance pay |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| practiced relative backwardness to its own advantage just post WWII causing it to be criticized as an imitator, rather than an innovator |
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Term
|
Definition
| women here still enjoy highest standard of living |
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Term
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Definition
| unlike the US, practices/practiced weak monetary policy, including limited open market operations and a low reserve requirement. Used faulty bank practices during the 1990's |
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Term
|
Definition
| nationalized industries in the early 1980's |
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Term
|
Definition
| occupied by the USSR and Great Britain during WWII |
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Term
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Definition
| its government owns little infrastructure, provides few transfers, only a minimal safety net, and makes little attempt to redistribute incomes |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| recently its voting age was changed from 15 to 18 |
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Term
|
Definition
| categorized as imperialistic from late 1800's to WWII |
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Term
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Definition
| workforce is tied to single firms by benefits which inhibit job mobility |
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Term
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Definition
| highest standard of living if gauged by longevity and education |
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Term
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Definition
| this prototype suffered a war, falling export prices and an embargo by the US |
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Term
|
Definition
| this prototype suffered from demise since 1995 (date is a hint), suffering an increase in unemployment and some erosion of the status of women |
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Term
|
Definition
| most consistent with the collectivist attitude and environmental sustainability goal expressed in the article "The European Dream" |
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Term
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Definition
| despite mid/late 1990's contraction, deflation and even negative interest rates, this nation has continued to have a high savings rate (APS) |
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Term
|
Definition
| fastest growing post-WWII economy, 1950 until the early 1990's |
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Term
|
Definition
| its Council of Guardians "managed" the election results in 2004, resulting in greater conservatism |
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Term
|
Definition
| has an economic "iron triangle" (Recall 3 members)/practices industrial-policy corporatism |
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Term
|
Definition
| has both labor and management "at the table," either in a firm-specific union or in a nationwide form of corporatism |
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Term
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Definition
| protects its domestic industries through bureaucratic red tape rather than with restrictive quotas or import tariffs. Also, accused of dumping inexpensive products in American markets |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the 1950's, docile company-organized unions emerged and aggressive collective bargaining was abandoned in return for paternalistic job security |
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Term
|
Definition
| fastest growing economy 1870's to 1950 |
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Term
|
Definition
| infamous for its "bubble economy" |
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Term
|
Definition
| currently practices significant indicative planning, state-directed capitalism |
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Term
|
Definition
| currently practices a form of social market economy |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the post WWII period, in response to violent labor strikes, the government threw its weight behind the employers in order to break the labor unions |
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Term
|
Definition
| currently has a troublesome, increasing dependency ratio |
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|
Term
| revisionist (as it applies to Japan, not to socialism) |
|
Definition
| critical of Japan's work style and its ramifications on Japanese lifestyles |
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Term
|
Definition
| familistic grouping of unlike firms under umbrella of a single bank or trading company; post WWII |
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Term
|
Definition
| elaborate process of employee involvement in production process, bottom to top |
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Term
| rationalization cartel, depression cartel |
|
Definition
| uses economies of scale to provide "R&D" for new firms, facilitates closeouts of firms going out of business |
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Term
|
Definition
| operates fiscal policy, collects revenues, making expenditures, makes tax laws to stimulate new products and technology |
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Term
|
Definition
| buys stock in corporations, makes loans to corporations |
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Term
| Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) |
|
Definition
| the most powerful government agency in Japan. Guides industry |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sea of Bothinia and Baltic Sea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| North Sea and Norwegian Sea |
|
Definition
| rich in oil, helps finance social safety net |
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Term
|
Definition
| Iran is slightly larger than what US state? |
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Term
| oil, natural gas, electricity |
|
Definition
| Cite two of the three major productive natural resources |
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Term
periodic droughts, floods, sandstorm, dust storm
Yes |
|
Definition
Cite one of the two major natural hazards?
would this have made this region prone to hydraulic despotism? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the first listed "current environmental issue?" |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which is greater, the birth rate or death rate? |
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Term
| under 30 (3/4ths the population!) |
|
Definition
| Which group comprises the greatest percentage of the population, those over 65 or under 30? |
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Term
negative!!!
(-2.62 migrants/ 1,000 population) |
|
Definition
| Is the net migration + or -? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which sect is most prevalent, Sunnis or Shi'ia? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the capital of Iran? |
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Term
|
Definition
| The age of suffrage currently in Iran |
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Term
|
Definition
| The tile of the top chief of state in Iran |
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|
Term
| President Mohmoud Ahmadinejad |
|
Definition
| The title of head of government is ____ |
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Term
|
Definition
| The term in power of the Supreme Leader |
|
|
Term
| The Consaltative Assembly (Majiles) |
|
Definition
| The Iranian Parliament is called _____ |
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Term
|
Definition
| Parliament in Iran is composed of how many houses? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the name of the council that determines if policies and candidates are appropriate in Iran? |
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|
Term
44.5
relatively similar
(US= 45, PRC= 46.9) |
|
Definition
What is Iran's approximate Gini coefficient?
How does that compare to that of the US and the PRC? Similar or not? |
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Term
|
Definition
| The currency of Iran is the ____. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Name the predominant party in Iran's parliament |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is the Iranian budget currently in surplus or deficit? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Iran is slightly larger than what US state? |
|
|
Term
| oil, natural gas, electricity |
|
Definition
| What are the three major productive natural resources in Iran? |
|
|
Term
periodic drought, floods
Yes |
|
Definition
What are the two major natural hazards in Iran?
Would this have made this region prone to hydraulic despotism? |
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the first listed "current environmental issue" in Iran? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Which is greater in Iran: birth rate or death rate? |
|
|
Term
under 30
(3/4ths the population) |
|
Definition
| Which group comprises the greatest percentage of the population in Iran, those over 65 or under 30? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| is the net migration in Iran + or -? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Which sect is most prevalent in Iran, Sunnis or Shi'ia? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the capital of Iran? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The age of suffrage currently in Iran is... |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The title of the top chief of state in Iran is... |
|
|
Term
| President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad |
|
Definition
| The title of the top chief of state in Iran is... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The term in power of the Supreme Leader in Iran is... |
|
|
Term
| The Consaltative Assembly (Majles) |
|
Definition
| The Iranian Parliament is called... |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Iran's Parliament is composed of how many houses? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the name of the council that determines if policies and candidates are appropriate? |
|
|
Term
44.5
similar
US = 45
PRC = 46.9 |
|
Definition
What is Iran's approximate Gini coefficient?
How does this compare to that of the US and the PRC? Similar or not? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| What is the currency of Iran? |
|
|
Term
| Conservativos / Islamisis |
|
Definition
| Name the predominant party in Iran's parliament? |
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Term
|
Definition
| is the Iranian budget currently in surplus or deficit? |
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Term
|
Definition
| General giving and receiving is termed this. (assume economic definition of "general") |
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Term
|
Definition
| Re-distributive economies are based on this |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aims to humiliate and dominate (Potlatches eventually exhibit this) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mutual giving and receiving (hint; not necessarily equal) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Domestic/Moral economy practices this |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Balanced gift giving is termed this |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hydraulic despotisms practice this |
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Term
|
Definition
| Clergy of this faith are called ulama |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Kibbutz is an aspect of this inspired by utopian socialism |
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Term
|
Definition
The only one of the below that is NOT a religion
Christianity
Judaism
Islam
Buddhism
Confucianism |
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Term
|
Definition
| Analects present written ideas of this |
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Term
|
Definition
| This faith is represented by Sunnis and Shi'ites |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Most favored by ecological environmentalists |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Reconstructionists of this faith advocate libertarianism |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| The expansion of this slowed after 1700 due to expanding power of Christian Europe |
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Term
|
Definition
| Aquinas reconciled this religion with Aristotle's "just price" and abhorrence of interest-charging |
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Term
|
Definition
| Based on divine unity, vice regency, and justice |
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Term
|
Definition
| The Torah includes this religion's rules and injuctions regarding economic behavior |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Pyidawatha is associated with this |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Central concepts are benevolence, righteousness, property, wisdom and faithfulness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shari'a is this religion's law code |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A merchant founded this religion, becoming both a political and religious leader |
|
|
Term
| Allah Akbar (God is Great) |
|
Definition
| pg. 86: What is repeated 22 times on Iran's flag? |
|
|
Term
Caspian Sea
Persian Gulf
Gulf of Oman |
|
Definition
| What sea does Iran border? Gulf? |
|
|
Term
| oil, natural gas, electricity |
|
Definition
| What are Iran's three major productive natural resources? |
|
|
Term
Birth rate: 16.89 / 1,000 population
Death rate: 5.69 deaths / 1,000 population |
|
Definition
| What is the ratio of birth rate to death rate? |
|
|
Term
% population 65 years or older = 5.4%
median age = 27 |
|
Definition
What is the % of the population that is 65 years or older?
What is the median age? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is Iran's main ethnic group? |
|
|
Term
Muslim = 98%
Shi'ia = 89%
Sunni = 9% |
|
Definition
What % of the population is Muslim?
Shi'ia?
Sunni? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The government type is _______ republic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what day is the Iranian Republic/Independence day?
This holiday began in what year? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Iranian Constitution codifies ________ principles of the government |
|
|
Term
Chief of State = Ali Hoseini Khamenei
Head of government = President Mahmud Ahmadi-Nejad |
|
Definition
Executive Branch of Iran:
The chief of state is _____?
The head of government is _____? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The term of the Supreme Leader is _____ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Council of Guardians determines... |
|
|
Term
| The Iranian Parliament is called Majles and is composed of how many houses? ONE |
|
Definition
| The Iranian Parliament is called _____ and is composed of how many houses? |
|
|
Term
Conservatives/Islamists = 167
Reformists = 39
Independents = 74 |
|
Definition
Iran's Legislative Branch:
How many...
Conservatives/Islamists?
Reformists?
Independents? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the name of the sole political party until its dissolution in 1987? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Check "Diplomatic representation." Does this verify Iran as an NDE with US? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is Iran's per capita GDP (in PPP)? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is Iran's estimated unemployment rate? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is Iran's estimated inflation rate? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What % of the Iranian population is below the poverty line? |
|
|
Term
deficit
$51 billion revenue
%103 billion expenditures |
|
Definition
| Is the Iranian budget in deficit or surplus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the % of the population in Iran that uses the internet? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the obligation (in months) of military service in Iran? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What is the mandatory age of military service in Iran?
Voluntary age? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Minimum age during Iran/Iraq war? |
|
|
Term
| China (15%), Japan (14.3%) |
|
Definition
| Iran's top two export partners? |
|
|
Term
| China (14.2%), Germany (9.6%), UAE (9.1%) |
|
Definition
| Iran's top three import partners? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Islamic Banking term:
Anti interest charging and anti interest earning. This avoids the more wealthy creditor from becoming more wealthy and the less wealthy debtor from becoming more poor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Islamic Banking term:
Pro profit sharing (among many). Spread the wealth.
Ex. Banks share profit with depositors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Islamic Banking term:
Bank acts as venture capitalist in funded projects
Consistent with qirad |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Islamic Banking term:
Bank secures supplies for a project and requires delayed payment at inflated prices
May be inconsistent with al-riba |
|
|
Term
| Is the Islamic stock market profit sharing (dividends) or is it gambling? (pg 79a) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Islamic Insurance
an alternative form of cover that a Muslim can avail himself against the risk of loss due to misfortunes
has been practiced for over 1,400 years |
|
|
Term
| Takaful is based on the idea that... |
|
Definition
...what is uncertain with respect to an individual may cease to be uncertain with respect to a very large number of similar individuals
Insurance by combining the risks of many people enables each individual to enjoy the advantage provided by the law of large numbers |
|
|
Term
| The concept of insurance where resources are pooled to help the needy does not contradict the ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
One way to reduce the risk of loss due to misfortunes is through...
(from Takaful paragraph) |
|
Definition
| insurance that spreads the risk among many people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
if the deceased has one son and one daughter, the son shall receive double the share of the daughter
If the deceased has sons and daughters, the wealth shall be distributed among them in such a way that each son receives double the share of each daughter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
literal meaning = "to grow (in goodness)" or "increase", "purifying", or "making pure"
spending a fixed portion of one's wealth for the poor, needy, zakat collectors, people whose hearts need to be reconciled, slaves, those in debt, in the way of Allah, and the travelors in the society |
|
|
Term
| According to the Islamic Shari'ah, an Islamic state cannot.. |
|
Definition
| impose taxes upon its Muslim citizens |
|
|
Term
| non-Muslims livin in an Islamic state... |
|
Definition
| ...become citizens of an Islamic state through an agreement between themselves and the Islamic state |
|
|
Term
| Taxes upon non-Muslims... |
|
Definition
...shall be governed by the agreement that was mutually agreed upon between them and the Islamic states
taxes may or may not be equal to or related with the rates specified for Zaka'h |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the Arabic word for One Fifth (1/5)
means "one-fifth of certain items which a person acquires as wealth, and which must be paid as an Islamic tax |
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| practiced by Khoi-San and Moken, but with some demise in recent years |
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| the potlatches as practiced by Vancouver Islanders before being exposed to Europeans used this form of old traditional economy as described by Karl Polanyi |
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| Trobriand Islanders (circle of islands example) practiced this as a mode of diplomacy |
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| the second stage of unilineal evolutionism |
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| formalists would classify as market(s) |
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| domestic mode, reciprocal, and redistribute forms |
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| T/F: Hydraulic despotism used centricity and practiced a redistributive form of an old traditional economy |
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| T/F: The despotic "big man" and his bureaucracy took tributes (taxes, agricultural products) and in return provided massive infrastructure that resulted in flood control |
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| T/F: Reciprocity is classified as a market by particularists, but not by formalists |
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| T/F: Barter and balanced reciprocity are synonymous |
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| T/F: Marxism states vulnerable economies are dominated by stronger imperialistic economies. As an analogy, this parallels a vulnerable proletariat being dominated by a powerful bourgeoisie |
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| Redistributive economies always seek greater egalitarianism |
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Japanese Symbol 円
Pronounced (En)
(JPY) |
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| body of water that lies between ROC and PRC |
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| body of water that lies west of Japan |
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| body of water that lies between ROK and ROC |
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