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| Defined ecology as the study of the natural environment and of the relations of organisms to one another and their surroundings |
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| The most fundamental unit of ecology |
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| Interactions among living organisms |
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| Interactions. Between organisms and their physical environment |
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| Assemblages of organisms together with their physical and chemical environments make up an |
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| All ecosystems are linked together in a single --- which includes all the environments and organisms at the surface of the earth |
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| Many organisms of the same kind together in a certain are constitute a ----- |
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| Many populations of different species Living in the same place make up a |
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| Some organisms engage in cooperative arrangements known as ---- in which both parties benefit from the interactions |
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| There are about how many described and named species of organisms |
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| Each species occupies unique --- that encompasses all aspects of its way of life, including its physical home (habitat) |
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| Organisms minimize the overlap of their niches and reduce competition among different species |
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| Chemical nutrients and minerals stay on each and are reused in |
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| The amount of energy that autotrophs store and make avalible to consumers over time is called |
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| The dry weight of organic material, stored in producers and added to a certain area in a specific period of time |
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| The dry weight of organic material, stored in producers and added to a certain area in a specific period of time |
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| among closely related mammals or birds, the largest species occurred at higher latitudes, where it is colder |
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| among closely related endothermic (warm blooded) vertebrates, those living in colder environments tend to have shorter appendages than those living in warmer environments |
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| major biotic unit bearing a characteristic and easily recognized array of plant life, but since animals depend on plants, each biome supports a characteristic fauna |
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| largest desert in the world is |
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| Sahara-Arabian-Gobi desert. |
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| Coniferous forest: northern area is the boreal forest, often referred to as |
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| is the largest particle that can be considered soil. |
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| particles are much smaller than sand, but like sand, ---- is mostly quartz |
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| smallest of all soil particles is |
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| Sand is mostly made out of |
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| refers to the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay |
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| finely ground organic matter, is produced, and eventually the minerals are absorbed by plant roots |
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| most soil-forming processes, such as litter fall, the fall of senescent plant leaves, tend to act from the top down, soil develops a vertical structure referred to as the |
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