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Ecology
Study for 1st test
25
Biology
10th Grade
02/10/2011

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Term
Ecology is-
Definition
The relationship between organisms with other organisms; organisms with the environment
Term
Biosphere-
Definition
All of life.
Term
Levels of organization from smallest to largest-
Definition
Individual,population,community,ecosystem,biome,biosphere
Term
Producers-
Definition
Autotrophs; plants, algae, bacteria. Use sunlight or chemicals to make food. Photo/chemo-synthesis
Term
Consumers-
Definition
Heterotrophs- rely on other organisms for food.
Herbivores- Eat plants
Carnivores- Eat Meat
Omnivores- Eat plants and meat (Humans)
Detritivores- Feed on dead matter (worms, crabs, etc.)
Term
Feeding relationships-
Definition
Food Webs
Food Chains
Term
Trophic Levels-
Definition
Each step of a food chain is a trophic level
Producers make up first level
Primary consumers make up second level
Secondary consumers make up third level
Tertiary consumers makeup fourth level, etc
Term
Ecological Pyramids-
Definition
Energy is transferred to the next trophic as 10% of the previous
Term
Climate-
Definition
Weather over a long period of time
Term
Main greenhouse gases-
Definition
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Water Vapor
Term
Biotic vs. Abiotic-
Definition
Biotic factors influence others
Abiotic factors are nonliving factors
Term
Mutualism-
Definition
Both species benefit
Term
Commensalism-
Definition
One benefits, other isn’t harmed
Term
Parasitism-
Definition
One benefits, other is harmed
Term
Ecological succession-
Definition
Primary starts from scratch
Secondary starts from leftovers such as forest fires, weeds, etc
Term
3 Characteristics of population-
Definition
Geographic distribution
Density
Growth Rate
Term
Factors that affect growth rate-
Definition
Birth rate
Death rate
Immigration
Emigration
Term
Density dependent factors-
Definition
Competition
Predation
Parasitism and disease
Term
Density Independent factors-
Definition
Human disturbances
Drought and other climate extremes
Term
What caused population to skyrocket-
Definition
Agriculture
Industry
More reliable food supply
Better sanitation
Advances in medication
Term
Activities that affect the biosphere-
Definition
Hunting
Gathering
Urban Development
Industry
Agriculture
Term
Burning fossil fuels-
Definition
Main cause of air pollution
Term
Biodiversity-
Definition
Threats- Hunting, altering habitats
Term
Ozone-
Definition
O3
Term
CFC-
Definition
Destroys Ozone; Ozone hole should be gone in 50 years
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