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| study of the interactions between organisms and their environment |
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| group of organisms of the same species living together in a given location |
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| populations of different plants and animal species interacting in a given environment (doesnt include nonliving) |
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| -interaction between living communities and nonliving environment |
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| all portions of the planet that support life |
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| only animal and other heterotroph life exist because no light for photosynthesis |
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| functional role of an organism in its ecosystem |
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| physical place where an organism lives |
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-live together in an intimate association may or may not be beneficial to both
-commensalism, mutualism, parasitism |
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| one or both organisms cannot survive without the other |
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| successful parasites do not |
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-organisms that feed on other organisms
-herbivores and carnivores |
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| -protists and fungi that decompose (digest) dead organic matter externally and absorb nutrients |
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| interspecific interactions |
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| interactions between different species |
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| intraspecific interactions |
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| interactions of same species |
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-autotrophic green plants
-chemosynthetic bacteria |
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| feed on secondary consumers |
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| -bacteria and fungi that decompose organic wastes and dead tissues inter simpler compounds (nitrates/phosphates) |
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| turn free nitrogen into nitrates so plants can absorb them |
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| turn ammonia into nitrites(chemosynthetic) then nitrates |
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| turn ammonia into free nitrogen |
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| turn proteins into ammonia |
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-plants perform photosynthesis to make organic compounds, then respiration, and release CO2 by bacteria of decay
-animals ingests plants, respiration, release CO2
-animals die and wastes are turned into CO2 |
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| orderly process by which one biotic community replaces or succeeds another until its climax community is reached |
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-less than 10 in of rain
-small plants and animals
-conserve water
-animals live in burrows
-few birds and mammals
-Sahara in Africa, Gobi in Asia |
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-low rainfall (10-30in)
-no shelter for herbivorous mammals from carnivores
-animals have long legs, hooves
-east of rockies |
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-high temp and rain
-vegetation doesn't shed leaves
-epiphytes (plants on plants)
-sunlight hardly reaches floor
-saprophytes
-central africa, central america, SE asia |
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| temperature deciduous forest biome |
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-cold winters
-warm summers
-moderate rainfall
-trees shed leaves in winter
-NE and CE US, and central Europe |
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| temperate coniferous forest |
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-cold, dry
-plants conserve water
-N US, S canada |
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-less rainfall than temperate forests
-long cold winters
-spruce
-N canada, N russia |
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-treeless frozen plain
-very short summer
-between taiga and polar |
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-frozen area no vegetation and terrestrial animals
-animals in water |
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| -plankton, diatoms, fish shark, whales |
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