Term
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Definition
| Distribution of organisms in space, typically concerned with regional or continental patterns |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of ecological structure and process at large geographic scales |
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Term
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Definition
| The greater the area, the greater the diversity of species (richness) |
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Term
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Definition
S = CAz= log10S = log10 C + z log10 A
(e.g. y= mx + b) |
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Term
Arrhenius equation
S=
C=
A=
Z=
Z=power=(number). |
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Definition
S =species,
C = intercept when area=1,
A = area,
Z = slope (of log plot)
Z = 0.301 |
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Term
Habitat Patches on Continents:
-Mountain Islands |
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Definition
| Isolated mountain ranges, series of island like habitat patches associated with mountain or better known as montane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aquatic environments isolated from other aquatic environments by land. |
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Term
| Isolation and Habitat Islands on Continent |
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Definition
| A strong negative relationship between isolation and the number of montane mammal species living on mountaintops across the American Southwest. |
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Term
| Equilibrium Model of Island Biogeography -Rates of immigration |
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Definition
Depends on island population
-Would be highest on new island with no organisms.
-As species began to accumulate, rate of immigration would decline |
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Term
Equilibrium Model of Island Biogeography
-Rates of extinction |
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Definition
| would rise with increasing number of species on an island. |
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Term
| Species Turnover on Islands |
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Definition
1. Presence of more species creates a larger pool of potential extinction
2. As number of species increases, population size of each must diminish
3. As rate of species increases |
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Term
| Equilibrium point of diversity |
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Definition
| Where immigration and extinction are balanced |
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Term
| What determines Extinction on a island |
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Definition
| Determined by island size |
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Term
| What determines Immigration on a island |
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Definition
| determined by island isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| Species identity doesn’t Matter |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of species, following isolation or area reduction of an island or habitat patch. |
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Term
| Relaxation Additional Points / criticisms |
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Definition
• Many biotas not in equilibrium
• Interspecific interactions ignored
• Speciation on island violates the model
• Other factors aside from area important in diversity
• All species are not equal (dispersal / extinction)
• High immigration to near island can reduce extinction rates
• Island area can affect immigration (bigger target) |
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Term
Ecological Meltdown in Predator
Remove the predator species |
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Definition
| Causes an overabundance in herbivores and throwing the environment into an ecological meltdown. |
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Term
| Conservation- Important variables in species diversity |
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Definition
o Area- divide an area by 10 and species diversity by 2 ( also habitat diversity)
o Distance from mainland
o Permeability of matrix
o Corridors- Connections between islands, edge effects |
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Term
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Definition
| • Early advocates of the use of island biogeography theory, notably Soulé, Wilcox, Terborgh, and Lovejoy, argued that a single large reserve is generally better able to preserve more and larger populations than an equal area divided into a collection of small reserves |
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Term
Brown grouped hypotheses
-Time Since Perturbation |
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Definition
| More species in the tropics because tropics are older and disturbed less frequently. |
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Term
Brown grouped hypotheses
-Productivity |
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Definition
High productivity contributes to high species richness.
However, high productivity is likely to be a precondition rather than a direct determinant of diversity. |
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Term
Brown grouped hypotheses
-Environmental Heterogeneity |
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Definition
| More heterogeneity, thus more potential habitat areas and niches. |
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Term
Brown grouped hypotheses
-Favorableness |
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Definition
| Tropics have more favorable environments. |
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Term
| Brown grouped hypotheses -Differences in Speciation/Extinction Rates |
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Definition
| Greater speciation, less extinction, EVOLUTION must be part of the explanation. |
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Term
Brown grouped hypotheses
-Niche Breadth and Interspecific Interactions |
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Definition
stronger affects of interspecific interactions (competition, bottom-up plant defense, top down predation, parasitism,disease) – narrower niches.
Ultimate cause like physical |
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Term
| Area and Latitudinal Gradients in Species Richness |
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Definition
| More land in tropics, mean more species richness. |
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