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Ecology
Ecology vocabulary
34
Biology
9th Grade
02/03/2010

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Term
carrying capacity
Definition
the number of organisms that can be supported by the resources in an ecosystem
Term
limiting factor
Definition
the components of the environment that restrict the growth of populations
Term
growth curve
Definition
a graph that shows the growth and decline in population over time
Term
community
Definition
collection of interacting populations
Term
population
Definition
a group of organisms of the same species living in a certain area that can interbreed
Term
initial growth stage
Definition
when a population that is new to an area grows in numbers
Term
steady state
Definition
when a population size remains about the same over a long period of time
Term
decline
Definition
when a population size decreases in number
Term
exponential growth
Definition
when a population increases more and more every year (humans)
Term
biotic factors
Definition
all the living organisms that inhabit the environment, including predators, food sources, and competitors
Term
abiotic factors
Definition
the nonliving elements in an ecosystem, such as temperature, moisture, air, salinity, and pH
Term
ecosystem
Definition
consists of all the interacting species and the abiotic environment in a given geographic area
Term
predator
Definition
eats prey
Term
prey
Definition
eaten by predator
Term
symbiosis
Definition
a close and permanent relationship between organisms of two different species
Term
mutualism
Definition
a relationship between two species in which both benefit
Term
commensalism
Definition
relationship between two species in which one benefits and the other is not affected
Term
parasitism
Definition
relationship between two species in which one benefits and the other is harmed (but not killed)
Term
host
Definition
an organism that harbors a parasite, virus, mutual partner, or commensal partner
Term
nutrient cycle
Definition
circulation of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus through the environment
Term
trophic level
Definition
position in the food chain
Term
food chain
Definition
simple transfer of energy from producer to herbivore to carnivore
Term
food web
Definition
complex interlocking pattern of food chains
Term
pyramid of energy
Definition
depicts how stored energy decreases in higher trophic levels
Term
pyramid of biomass
Definition
depicts howcombined mass of organisms decreases in higher trophic levels
Term
pyramid of numbers
Definition
depicts how population size decreases in higher trophic levels
Term
Succession
Definition
a series of changes in a community in which new populations of organisms gradually replace existing ones especially after a disaster
Term
climax community
Definition
occurs when succession slows down and a stable community is established; made up of the fittest species
Term
deciduous forest
Definition
a forest of trees that lose their leaves in winter; the climax community of Virginia
Term
field guide
Definition
an illustrated book to help you identify different species you find outside
Term
interdependence
Definition
when two or more organisms need to the other(s) to survive or reproduce
Term
producer
Definition
organism that makes its own food
Term
consumer
Definition
organism that eats other organisms for energy
Term
decomposer
Definition
organism that breaks down matter for energy
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