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| measure of the average kinetic energy, or energy of motion, of the molecules, in a mass of a substance |
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| The kinetic energy in a mass of a substance is generally referred to as ____ energy or simply _____. |
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| Peter Kevan, Ellesmere Island |
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| Sun-tracking behavior of the arctic plant, Dryas integrifolia - parabola shaped flower that retains heat by moving the flower to face the sun throughout the day. Attracts pollinating insects. |
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| Temperature influences what in organisms? |
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| rates of chemical reactions, including those reactions that control life's essential processes - photosynthesis and respiration. |
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| variation among individuals in form and function as a result of environmental influences |
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| study of the relationships between organisms and their environment |
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what weather stations report and what is represented in climate diagrams
interacts with the local landscape to produce microclimatic variation in temperature |
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| climatic variation on a scale of a few kilometers, meters, or even centimeters, usually measured over short periods of time. Influenced by landscape features such as altitude, aspect, vegetation, color of the ground, and presence of boulders and burrows. Aquatic temperatures are also microclimates. |
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| Lower average temperatures at higher elevations are a consequence of decreased atmospheric pressure, air rising up the side of a mountain expands. The energy of motion required to sustain the greater movement of air molecules in the expanding air mass is drawn from the surroundings, which cool as a result. Also, at higher elevations there is less atmosphere to trap and radiate heat back to the ground. |
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| Topographic features such as hills, mountains, and valleys create microclimates that would not occur in a flat landscape. The shaded parts of the land (Norhern hemisphere = north side, Southern hemisphere = south)creates contrasting microclimates. |
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| Creates shaded and insulated microclimates (litter) - Kemmerer Wyoming can differ in temp by 27 degrees C. |
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| Color, absorbs more visible light, makes it hotter. |
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| Boulders would heat up and provide warmth (10 degree difference) and burrows where temperature mitigated by overlying soil where 2 degree difference in day and night temps. |
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| high capacity of water to absorb heat energy without changing temperature (specific heat) 3000 times higher for water than air. |
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| high capacity of water to absorb heat without changing temperature |
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| latent heat of vaporization |
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| large amount of heat absorbed by water as it evaporates - 584 calories per gram of water at 22 degrees C and 580 at 35 degrees C |
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| water gives up about 80 calories as 1 gram of water freezes |
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| vegetation that grows along rivers and streams influences temperature by providing shade |
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| air variations higher than reed beds higher than shallow riffles higher than deep pool |
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| Adapting to one set of environmental conditions generally reduces a population's fitness in other environments |
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| mathematics used to analyze energy trade-offs. Concluded that as a population adapts to a particular set of environmental conditions, its fitness in other environments is reduced |
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