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Definition
| interaction of 2 or more species that share a resource could result in.... |
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| competition results when there is a |
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Definition
| demand in excess of supply |
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| if competition is strong enough to eliminate one species, result is |
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| replacement of species when a new competitor is added to a habitat |
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| many introductions fail because |
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Definition
| the introduced species is not really adapted well to the new environment |
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| generalists can adapt more easily than |
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Definition
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| generally a means of avoiding competition and may be viewed as a result of it |
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| where one species excludes another |
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| effects of crowding are more sever intraspecifically than interspecifically |
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| evolutionary outcome of competition is |
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Definition
| either extinction of one species or the removal of completion by niche segregation |
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Definition
| mathematical approach to interspecific competition |
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Definition
| one species harmed, one unaffected, by a product of activities of one species |
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| primarily a plant interaction |
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Definition
| produces some chemical that inhibits others |
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| close, often obligate relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| chloroplasts and mitochondria were prokaryotes that entered a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells |
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Term
| what are similar in size and structure to prokaryotes |
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Definition
| chloroplasts and mitochondria |
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Term
| chloroplasts and mitochondria are both bounded by |
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Definition
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Term
| chloroplasts and mitochondria have a single |
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Definition
| circular chromosome like prokaryotes |
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Term
| chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own |
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Definition
| ribosomes and produce some of their own proteins |
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Term
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Definition
| not obligate but both benefit |
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Definition
| a fungus associated with vascular plant roots |
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Definition
| photosynthesis and vascular plant |
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Definition
| highly developed systems if animals are used vector pollen |
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| some systems are not mutualistic |
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Definition
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Term
| some systems benefit both |
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Definition
| animal pollinates, plant provides nectar |
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Term
| foresters usually innoculate |
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Definition
| seedlings prior to planting |
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Term
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Definition
| populations of several species that coexist in areas characterized by certain abiotic and biotic factors |
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Term
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Definition
| species composition, species diversity, stratification, and food chains |
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Definition
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| community structure depends on |
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Definition
| species composition, physiognomic, temporal change, trophic relationships |
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Definition
| relative of various species present |
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Definition
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Definition
| energy transfer through trophic levels |
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Term
| in a forest, the primary autotrophic zone is the |
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Definition
| canopy and the heterotrophic zone is near the forest floor |
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Term
| in a lake or ocean, production is |
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Definition
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| forests can be subdivided based on |
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Definition
| height: trees, understory, ground cover, litter, subterranean |
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Definition
| A character of organisms that most determines the character of the community |
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Term
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Definition
| the basis of lifes operations are chemical |
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Term
| chemical ecology refers to |
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Definition
| production, uptake, and interpretation of chemical signals |
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| chemical messengers between members of a species |
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Definition
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| pheromones may attract mates and |
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Definition
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| repellants, escape substances, attractants,and suppressants are all |
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Definition
| substance to reduce surface tension and push them quickly from danger |
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| what inhibits growth of other plants |
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Definition
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| antibiotics and autotoxins are both types of |
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Definition
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| inhibits species producing it (yeasts produce alcohol) |
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Definition
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Definition
| lures insects to carnivorous plants or to flowers |
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Definition
| besides horizontal structure, within a habitat there is vertical structure |
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Definition
| further subdivide into strata |
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| due to differing habitats provided by the strata, organisms can |
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Definition
| separate niches and avoid competition |
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| subdivision of a plant community |
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Definition
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Definition
| all plants of the same life form |
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Definition
| analogous to synusia for animals |
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| a group of species that use similar resources in similar ways |
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Definition
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| daily cycles of activity is called |
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Definition
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Definition
| daily cycles of activity based on a biological clock |
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| less active in bright moonlight |
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Definition
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| changes in the environment lead to changes in the community |
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Definition
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| equatorial habitats show? |
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Definition
| little change in season or community |
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Term
| latitudes farther from the equator are |
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Definition
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Definition
| changes based on tilt of the earth thus photoperiod |
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| in tropical or subtropical systems |
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Definition
| wet and dry seasons are more important than temperature changes |
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Definition
| seasonal differences in sunlight cause algae to die back when respiration photosynthesis |
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| thermal stratification and overturn in lakes alters |
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Definition
| chemical properties of the system |
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Term
| scientific study of seasonal change |
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Definition
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Term
| use of phenology is evident in almanacs but |
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Definition
| only moderately used scientifically |
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Term
| role played by a species of organism in an ecosystem |
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Definition
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Term
| niche of the same species |
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Definition
| may vary in different places |
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Term
| environments help define niches: |
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Definition
| similar niches are filled in similar ways by different organisms |
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| similar niches are filled in similar ways by different organisms |
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Definition
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Term
| the niche as an n-dimensional hypervolume |
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Definition
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| portion of the fundamental niche realized and seen in nature |
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| involved in mutualistic, predator-prey, or other interactions (changes in both species) |
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Definition
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Definition
| refers to the number of species present (species richness) |
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| diversity at a given site depends on |
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Definition
| local history, time, extreme nature of habitat, and resource diversity |
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| effects of different local events |
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Definition
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Definition
| a new habitat could develop that hasn't had enough time for saturation |
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| few organisms live in extremes so high densities but low diversities |
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Definition
| extreme nature of habitat |
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Term
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Definition
| the more varied the habitats, greater diversity can exist |
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| transition between two ecosystems |
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Definition
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