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| a group of similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring . |
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| the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. |
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| groups of organisms that belong to the same species and live in one area . |
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| different species of organisms living in the same habitat . |
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| a community and the ecosystems that impact it |
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| a group of ecosystems that have the samem climate and similar communities |
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| there are six terrestrial (land) biomes: tundra, taiga, temperate dicidious forest, grasslands, desert, tropical rainforest. |
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| trees that make cones and have needles |
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| loose leaves in the winter |
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| very dry, frozen conditions year-round. ground is covered with permafrost. arctic animals, very little plant like present. |
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| cold, wet climate in which ground thaws during summer. large concentrations of conifers, animals adopted to cold climates |
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| temperate decidious forest |
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| cold winters, mild summers. abundent growth of dicidious trees. large variety of animal life. |
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| moderate climate, rainy season promote growth of many grasses. large amount of grazing herbivores present. a SAVANNA is a grassland that receives little rainfall |
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| very dry. usually hot. contains plant and animal life adapted to arid conditions |
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| high amount of rainfall, mild climate. abundant plant and animal life. has more species of organisms than any other biome. |
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| organisms that are able to capture energy and use it to produce food. |
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| make their own food [autotrophs are also this] |
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| when producers capture energy stored in chemical bonds of molecules to make food . |
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| is primary ever a carnivore? |
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| organisms that have to obtain food. [also called consumers] |
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| what are the 4 types of consumers? |
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herbivores. carnivores. omivores. decomposers.
[he can only dive] |
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| eat other consumers. [animals][aka meat] |
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| eat both plants and animals |
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| break down ORGANIC matter. most decomposers are in kingdom FUNGI or kingdom EUBACTERIA |
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| energy flows in how many directions? |
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| each step in the pathway of energy in an ecosystem |
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| the first trophic level is always a |
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| the second trohpic level is known as |
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| the primary 1. consumer. ..last step is always a decomposer |
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| producer->1st consumer->2nd consumer->decomposer |
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| illustrates how energy is transferred by showing feeding relationships between organisms. |
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| which is recycles, nutrients or energy? |
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| energy is not. NUTRIENTS ARE RECYCLED. |
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| water enters atmosphere as vapor, condenses and falls to the ground as rain/snow..a portion becomes groundwater and forms rivers/lakes..the rest evaporates and reenters the atmosphere. |
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| when plants water evaporates from the leaves and is returned to the atmosphere. |
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| carbondioxide in the atmosphere is taken up by plants&algae for photosynthesis...they produce glucose for cellular respiration..humans and other consumers[heterotrophs] eat plants and algae or they eat organisms who have eaten plants or algae....the carbon from glucose is returned to the atmosphere as co2 [a waste product of cellular resporation]..erosion, burning of fossil fuels, and decomposition recycle carbon. |
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| nitrogen fixation occurs in soil,[where bacteria produce enzymes that make the nitrogen useable]...it is then absorbed by plants and used to make proteins/nucleic acids...other organisms eat plants they reuse the nitrogen for their own.....when the organism dies the decomposers return the nitrogen to the soil where it may be taken up by plants again or returned to the atmosphere by other bacteria. |
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| it is found in soil and rock...absorbed by plants through thier roots...it goes to the consumers when they eat the plants...then released back to the soil when the organism dies and is decomposed. |
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| ecosystems with biological influences |
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| the physical or nonliving factors |
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| the role an organism plays in its community . |
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| when organisms are attempting to use the same ecological resource at the same time. |
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| organism that kills- predator. organism that is being killed- prey. |
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| a relationship in which two organisms live very closely together . |
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| both organisms benefit from eachcother |
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| only ONE organism is benefited, but the other organism is NOT HARMED. |
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| only ONE organism BENEFITS. the other organism is HARMED. |
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| conditions that have an impact on population size |
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| density-DEPENDENT limiting factors |
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| depend on population size....ex: food/sunlight/water/competition...these things all make up the size of the pop. |
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| density-INDEPENDENT limmiting factors |
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| these factors affect all populations the same way, regardless of size.....ex:unusual weather/natural disaster/cutting trees/damming rivers..etc. |
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| stable community with very little population growth or decline. |
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| number of organisms that can exist successfully. |
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| what happens when the carrying capacity is exceeded? |
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| resources become a limiting factor and population numbers decline. |
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