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Ecology Unit
Ecology
33
Environmental Studies
12th Grade
04/29/2010

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Term
species diversity
Definition
species richness + species evenness
Term
species richness
Definition
number of different species in an area
Term
species evenness
Definition
the abundance of individuals within each of those species
Term
niche structure
Definition
how many potential ecological niches could occur, how they differ/resemble each other, and how the species within them interact
Term
geographical location
Definition
species diversity is highest in the tropics and declines as it moves north and south toward the poles
Term
native species
Definition
those species that normally and thrive in a particular community
Term
non-native species
Definition
other species that migrate into or are deliberately or accidently introduced into a community
Term
indicator species
Definition
species that serve as early warnings of damage to an ecosystem
Term
keystone species
Definition
a species that play a key role in its eco-system
Term
foundation species
Definition
(type of keystone species) species that play a major role in shaping communities by creating and enhancing their habitat
Term
interspecific competition
Definition
competition between species for a shared resource. Instead of fighting, this means its a race to adapt best
Term
resource partitioning
Definition
when creatures using the same resource, evolve to share it
Term
predation
Definition
members of one species feed directly on all or part of a living organism
Term
parasitism
Definition
occurs when one species (the parasite) feeds on part of another (the host) who is harmed by the interaction
Term
mutualism
Definition
two species or a network of species interact in a way that benefits both or all
Term
commensalism
Definition
a relationship that benefits one species but has little, or no effect on the other species
Term
ecological succession
Definition
the gradual change of species composition in an area
Term
thre patters of population distribution
Definition
1. clumping
2. uniform dispersion
3. random dispersion
Term
population change=
Definition
(birth rate + immigration) - (death rate + emmigration)
Term
biotic potential
Definition
capacity for growth
Term
intrinsic rate of increase (r)
Definition
rate at which a population would grow if it had unlimited resources
Term
environmental resistance
Definition
all factors that act to limit growth of a population
Term
carrying capacity (K)
Definition
environmental resistance + biotic potential
Term
r-selected species
Definition
high rate of population increase, usually small, parents do not care for children
Term
k-selected species
Definition
small number of offspring, usually larger and live longer
Term
endotherms
Definition
regulate their body temperature by producing heat from within the body (warm blooded)
Term
ectotherms
Definition
use heat from outside their body (cold-blooded)
Term
unitary organism
Definition
each individual is formed directly from the zygote and the development is high predictable
Term
modular organisms
Definition
have zygotes that develop into a module
Term
intraspecific competition
Definition
competition occurring within the same species
Term
interspecific competition
Definition
competition occurring between different species
Term
allelopathy
Definition
competition between plants and toxins
Term
three assumptions of lotka-volterra predator-prey model
Definition
1.there is one predator and one prey species in the interactions
2. prety numbers decrease if predators rise and vice versa
3. predator numbers increase when prey increases, and decreases when they fall
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