Term
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Definition
| process of production of organic materials from inorganic raw materials |
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Term
| organic matter (examples) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process of production of organic matter from inorganic raw materials |
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Term
| Inorganic Raw Materials (examples) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Inorganic Carbon -> organic carbon
CO2 -> CH2O
low NRG -> high NRG (bonds)
oxidized -> reduced |
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Term
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Definition
Photoautotrophs (99%)
- aerobic (oxic): green plants (99%)
- anaerobic (anoxic): purple sulfur bacteria
Chemoautotrophs |
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Term
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Definition
defines autotropy
primary production>respiration |
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Term
| factors affecting primary producers |
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Definition
light
temp
nutrients
actual evapotranspiration
biota
grazing (i.e. consumers) |
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Term
| adaptations of primary producers to light |
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Definition
low light: larger leaves, high chl/cell, temp has little effect
high light: screening pigments, temp increases Pg |
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Term
| Nutrients affecting primary production |
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Definition
aquatic: N, P, Fe
terrestrial: N, P, K, S |
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Term
| actual evapotranspiration |
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Definition
| incorporates light, temperature, water, nutrients, and biota |
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Term
| Biota (factors affecting primary production) |
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Definition
photosynthetic machinery has to be there
disturbance history can influence this |
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Term
| Is photosynthetic efficiency high or low? |
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Definition
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Term
| gross primary production-plant respiration = |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| assimilation/ingestion - assimilation efficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| growth/asimilation - growth efficiency |
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Term
| G/A and A/I for herbivores and detritivores |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| most energy flows through here |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
canopy -> forest floor
epilimnion -> hypolimnion
agriculture -> urban
forest -> stream |
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Term
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Definition
| nutrient cycles are biogeochemical |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- chemical change
- organism interactions
- space (atmospheric, sedimentary) |
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Term
| Compartment models useful: |
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Definition
- residence time, slow vs fast
models vary for different elements (N,P,C, etc) |
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Term
| Nitrogen redox (oxidization) |
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Definition
| org N -> N2 -> N2O -> NO2 -> NO3 |
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Term
| where is nitrogen biologically (key places)? |
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Definition
amino acids (essential ones)
protein |
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Term
| Nitrogen is a major constituent of organic matter (CH2ONx) ... how much is in plants and animals? |
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Definition
plants - 1-3%
animals - 4-10% |
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Term
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Definition
| yes, it may limit biological activity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| forms of nitrogen: Organic N |
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Definition
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Term
| forms of nitrogen: NH3/NH4 (what's the compound and where is it?) |
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Definition
ammonia/um
soils, gas, solution |
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Term
| forms of nitrogen: N2O (name and form) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
nitrite
soils, solution, low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
nitrate
soils, solution, high concentration, toxicity |
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Term
| nitrogen redox (Org N -> NO3) |
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Definition
yields NRG
requires NRG to go backwards
Org N - high available NRG
NO3 - low available NRG |
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Term
N fixation
(who, why, conditions) |
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Definition
who - cyanobacteria, symbionts w/ legumes
why - to get N
conditions - anoxic (low O2) |
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Term
Assimilation
(who, why, conditions) |
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Definition
who - plants, algae, bacteria
why - toget N
conditions - any, iN needed |
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Term
Dentrification
(who, why, conditions) |
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Definition
who - anaerobic bacteria
why - respiration NO3 is e acceptor
conditions - anoxic - high C and NO3 |
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Term
Ammonification
(who, why, conditions) |
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Definition
who - decomposers, animals
why - byproduct of decomposition
conditions - any |
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Term
Nitrification
(who, why, conditions) |
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Definition
who - nitrifying bacteria
why - growth (chemosynthesis)
conditions - oxic |
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Term
| "reasons" for transformations (N cycle) |
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Definition
| biological and organismal, NOT ecological |
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Term
| Are microbes important to the nitrogen cycle? |
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Definition
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Term
Stoichiometry
potential limitation |
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Definition
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Term
Stoichiometry
actual limitation |
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Definition
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